The structure of DNA resembles a twisted ladder. Which structural components form the rungs of the ladder?

The rungs of DNA’s twisted ladder are pairs of nitrogenous bases: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine. The sugar and phosphate groups form the ladder’s outer sides, while ribosomes are involved in making proteins, not in DNA’s structure. Therefore, nitrogenous base pairs form the rungs.

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