Practice Test Answers

Read a rough draft summary of Chapter 4 of Wheels of Change . 1 Bicycle racing became popular almost as soon as the first bicycle was introduced in 1878. 2 Although most racers were males, many females soon entered this growing sport. 3 It was not long before races began to occur throughout the United States, attracting large crowds of fans who applauded the competitive efforts of these female athletes. 4 However, despite their determination and successes, not everyone in the community was supportive of women racers. 5 There are always jealous people who selfishly do not like to see others succeed, and bicycle racing was no different. 6 Some believed that women’s place in cycling was "not on the public race path,” and many tried to make it difficult for women to compete. 7 Ultimately, these attempts were too late and largely unsuccessful, and women racers continued to make their mark in the cycling world. Which sentence should be removed from the summary because it is subjective?

Read the rough-draft summary of Chapter 4 of Wheels of Change . 1 Bicycle racing became popular almost as soon as the first bicycle was introduced in 1878. 2 Although most racers were males, many females soon entered this growing sport. 3 It was not long before races began to occur throughout the United States, attracting large crowds of fans who applauded the competitive efforts of these female athletes. 4 However, despite their determination and successes, not everyone in the community was supportive of women racers. 5 Some believed that women’s place in cycling was “not on the public race path,” and many tried to make it difficult for women to compete. 6 Ultimately, these attempts were too late and largely unsuccessful, and women racers continued to make their mark in the cycling world. Which relevant detail should be added to the summary to make it complete?

Examine this PSA. Open image in full-screen view If the creator of this PSA wanted to encourage kids to read more by showing what can happen if kids do not become proficient readers, which would be the best fact to add?

Which image would be best to use in a PSA promoting routine flossing as a part of good dental hygiene?

Read this excerpt from the introduction to Wheels of Change by Sue Macy. “To men, the bicycle in the beginning was merely a new toy, another machine added to the long list of devices they knew in their work and play. To women, it was a steed upon which they rode into a new world.” —"Woman and the Wheel," Munsey’s Magazine , May 1896 What is a logical prediction about the text that follows this introduction?

Read this excerpt from Leah Missbach Day’s foreword to Wheels of Change . Freedom comes in many forms. For Mary Lewanika, a bicycle provides freedom from social oppression. A bicycle can cultivate independence. In Wheels of Change , Sue Macy quotes Ellen B. Parkhurst in Washington's Evening Times , "A girl who rides a wheel is lifted out of herself and her surroundings." That was true in 1896, and incredibly, it remains true in places around the world today.

Read the excerpt from Chapter 2 of Wheels of Change . Dr. Benjamin Ward Richardson of Great Britain, a big fan of the wheel, nevertheless summarized its pitfalls in his 1895 article "What To Avoid in Cycling." Among those pitfalls were several dangers that resulted from "teaching the practice to subjects who are too young." Richardson believed serious riding should not be done by males or females until the skeleton was completely matured, which he said happened around age 21. What is the author’s most likely purpose in presenting Dr. Richardson’s research?

Read the excerpt from Chapter 2 of Wheels of Change . In the end, Charlotte Smith's attempts to force women off their bicycles failed. The medical experts and religious leaders charged with ensuring women's physical and moral welfare rejected her predictions of doom and damnation as being greatly exaggerated. What's more, women themselves were loath to give up the vehicle that they planned to ride boldly into the new century. Why does the author most likely use words with strong negative connotation in this excerpt?

Read this excerpt from Chapter 1 of Wheels of Change by Sue Macy. At any rate, the new velocipede was propelled by pedals and cranks attached directly to the axel of the front wheel, which was slightly larger than the wheel behind it. Forward progress could be stopped or slowed by pedaling backward. However, with iron tires and only an ineffective steel spring under the seat to absorb bumps in the road, this velocipede was a challenge to ride. It quickly earned the nickname "boneshaker." In 1865, Lallement brought his boneshaker to Connecticut, where he filed a description of it with the federal government and received a patent. What problem is described in the excerpt?

Read this excerpt from Chapter 1 of Wheels of Change by Sue Macy. Pope imported the best cycling articles and pamphlets from England and distributed them to potential customers. He encouraged American author Charles E. Pratt to write The American Bicycler , a handbook for cyclists, and gave away thousands of copies after it was published in 1879. He helped to underwrite a monthly magazine, The Wheelman (later called Outing ), and gave prizes to doctors who wrote the most effective articles linking bicycle riding to good health. While he nurtured the popularity of the bicycle through the press, Pope also supported legal and political efforts to establish cycling as a legitimate endeavor. That included going to court in cities where riding was outlawed on streets or in parks based on claims that cycles frightened horses. What events were occurring during the same time period? Choose three correct answers.

Look at the image of the high wheeler. Open image in full-screen view Photo by Cliff Read the excerpt from Chapter 1 of Wheels of Change . Pope was tantalized by these bicycles, called high wheelers, which had huge wheels in the front and tiny ones in the back. A Civil War veteran and entrepreneur, he wondered about the machine's possibilities as both a business venture and a means of transportation. If only it didn't seem so impossible to ride. What detail from the text does the image help the reader better understand?

Look at the image from a 1912 Pope Manufacturing Co. catalog of a Columbia bicycle. Open image in full-screen view Read the excerpt from Chapter 1 of Wheels of Change . But it wasn't until 1817 that Baron Karl von Drais of Germany built a laufmaschine (running machine) that included some of the features that would carry through to the modern bicycle. An early edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica described Drais's vehicle as "at the best an awkward affair, composed of a couple of heavy wooden wheels of equal diameter, one behind the other, and joined together by a longitudinal wooden bar.” How does the image from the catalog enhance the text?

Read the excerpt from Chapter 5 of Wheels of Change . By the turn of the century, the bicycle's heyday was over and a new mechanical wonder promised to transport men and women faster and farther than ever before. Bicycle manufacturers retooled their factories to build them and bicycle repair shops installed gasoline tanks to service them. The era of the automobile had begun. What is most likely the reason Sue Macy included this cause-and-effect relationship?

Read the poem entitled “Wheels and Wheels” as it appears in Chapter 5 of Wheels of Change . “Wheels and Wheels” The maiden with her wheel of old Sat by the fire to spin, While lightly through her careful hold The flax slid out and in. Today, her distaff, rock and reel Far out of sight are hurled, For now the maiden with her wheel Goes spinning round the world. What is the most likely reason why Sue Macy included this poem by Madeline S. Bridges?