April and Sanjay are both using tools to simulate the probability that a family with three children will have exactly one girl. April is using a coin, with tails up representing a boy and heads up representing a girl. She flipped the coin three times. Sanjay rolled a number cube three times with odd numbers representing a boy and even numbers representing a girl.Which statement best describes their simulations?
Answer
A
Both simulations have the same theoretical probability of a 3-child family having exactly one girl, but their experimental probabilities may differ.
B
The simulations have different theoretical probabilities of a 3-child family having exactly one girl, and the experimental probabilities they generate may differ.
C
The simulations have different theoretical probabilities of a 3-child family having exactly one girl, but their experimental probabilities will be the same.
D
Both simulations have the same theoretical probability of a 3-child family having exactly one girl, and their experimental probabilities will be the same.
Explanation
Both tools give each child an equal chance of being a boy or a girl: a coin has one head and one tail, and a number cube has three odd and three even numbers. Thus, both simulations have the same theoretical probability of exactly one girl in three trials: 3 out of 8 possible boy/girl outcomes. Their experimental probabilities can differ because each simulation uses a limited number of random trials.
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