The principal would like to know if these data provide convincing evidence of a relationship between grade level and having a driver’s license in the population of all students in her school. What is the appropriate inference procedure?

Use a chi-square test for association/independence when one random sample is used to measure two categorical variables on each individual. Here, the variables are grade level and whether a student has a driver’s license, and the question asks whether they are related. A test for homogeneity instead compares distributions across independent samples or groups.

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