Suppose that 71 percent of the surface of the Earth is covered in water, and a random number generator uses latitude and longitude to select a random location on the Earth. If 7 such locations are generated, what is the probability that the first 5 locations are in water and the last 2 locations are on land?

The probability that one location is in water is 0.71, and the probability it is on land is 1 − 0.71 = 0.29. Because the locations are generated independently, multiply the probabilities for the required sequence: (0.71)^5 × (0.29)^2 ≈ 0.0152. So the probability is about 0.0152, choice B.

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