AnswersPA Human Anatomy Physiology A 2026-2027 SMITH ICElements of Living Organisms

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Answers

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1
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The endosymbiotic theory helps to explain the origin of which structures?

A
mitochondria
B
ribosomes
C
nuclei
D
cell membranes
2
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In which specimen were cells first identified?

A
microorganism
B
microorganism
C
cork bark
D
cork bark
E
DNA
F
DNA
G
mitochondrion
H
mitochondrion
3

Which statement is most likely to apply to a cell that has DNA within its cytoplasm?

A
It lacks ribosomes.
B
It has membrane-bound organelles.
C
It is multicellular.
D
It performs all functions for the organism.
4

A chemical has been found to harm the same components in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which components are those?

A
DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
B
DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, and membrane-bound organelles
C
DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and nucleus
D
DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and membrane-bound organelles
5

A student wonders whether removing the nucleus from a cell would result in a new prokaryotic cell. Why would this procedure fail to produce a prokaryotic cell?

A
The cell would lack genetic information.
B
The cell would lack genetic information.
C
The cell would lack the structure that is needed to produce energy.
D
The cell would lack the structure that is needed to produce energy.
E
The cell would lack the structure that is needed to protect the cell’s organelles.
F
The cell would lack the structure that is needed to protect the cell’s organelles.
G
The cell would lack control over materials that move into and out of the cell.
H
The cell would lack control over materials that move into and out of the cell.
6

Which cell structure serves the stated function in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A
nucleus: stores genetic material
B
cytoplasm: protects cell structures
C
ribosomes: regulate cell processes
D
DNA: surrounds cell contents
7

Based on the endosymbiotic theory, what cell would result from the endosymbiosis of a cell with a cyanobacterium?

A
a eukaryotic cell that can make its own food
B
a eukaryotic cell that can make its own food
C
a prokaryotic cell that can make its own food
D
a prokaryotic cell that can make its own food
E
an aerobic bacterium
F
an aerobic bacterium
G
an anaerobic bacterium
H
an anaerobic bacterium
8

Which discovery supported the endosymbiotic theory?

A
DNA in mitochondria
B
DNA in the cell nucleus
C
DNA in ribosomes
D
DNA in the cytoplasm
9

A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?

A
The cell is prokaryotic because it contains ribosomes.
B
The cell is prokaryotic because it contains mitochondria.
C
The cell is eukaryotic because it contains ribosomes.
D
The cell is eukaryotic because it contains mitochondria.
10

A diseased cell is no longer able to produce proteins. Which cell structure is most likely malfunctioning?

A
cell membrane
B
cytoplasm
C
ribosome
D
mitochondrion
11

Which statement does not support the endosymbiotic theory?

A
Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce independently from the cell.
B
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ribosomes.
C
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA that resembles bacterial DNA.
D
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are much larger than prokaryotic cells.
12

Which cell structure serves the stated function in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A
nucleus: stores genetic material
B
cytoplasm: protects cell structures
C
ribosomes: regulate cell processes
D
DNA: surrounds cell contents
13

Gina is studying a cell under a powerful microscope. The cell does not contain membrane-bound organelles.Which cell is Gina most likely studying?

A
an animal cell
B
a bacterial cell
C
a plant cell
D
a protist cell
14

A student wonders whether removing the nucleus from a cell would result in a new prokaryotic cell. Why would this procedure fail to produce a prokaryotic cell?

A
The cell would lack genetic information.
B
The cell would lack the structure that is needed to produce energy.
C
The cell would lack the structure that is needed to protect the cell’s organelles.
D
The cell would lack control over materials that move into and out of the cell.
15

Which structure is unique to eukaryotic cells?

A
DNA
B
cell membrane
C
ribosomes
D
nucleus
16

The discovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had no effect on which area of scientific investigation?

A
endosymbiotic theory
B
inheritance research
C
forensic science
D
study of cork bark
17

Based on the endosymbiotic theory, what cell would result from the endosymbiosis of a cell with a cyanobacterium?

A
a eukaryotic cell that can make its own food
B
a prokaryotic cell that can make its own food
C
an aerobic bacterium
D
an anaerobic bacterium
18

Which statement is most likely to apply to a cell that has DNA within its cytoplasm?

A
It lacks ribosomes.
B
It has membrane-bound organelles.
C
It is multicellular.
D
It performs all functions for the organism.
19

A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?

A
The cell is prokaryotic because it contains ribosomes.
B
The cell is prokaryotic because it contains mitochondria.
C
The cell is eukaryotic because it contains ribosomes.
D
The cell is eukaryotic because it contains mitochondria.
20

Which discovery supported the endosymbiotic theory?

A
DNA in mitochondria
B
DNA in the cell nucleus
C
DNA in ribosomes
D
DNA in the cytoplasm

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