AnswersPBCSD_Grade_Forgiveness_2001340_Environmental_Science_S1_2020Formulating Scientific Questions

Research in Science Answers

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1
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How does an emerging idea differ from scientific consensus?

A
An emerging idea has not been tested repeatedly.
B
An emerging idea has been published in scientific journals.
C
An emerging idea cannot become a scientific theory or law.
D
An emerging idea has been examined by a large number of scientists.
2
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Which best describes an idea that has scientific consensus?

A
All scientists must support the idea.
B
Few scientists think the idea is valid.
C
Most scientists disagree with the idea.
D
Most, but not necessarily all, scientists agree with an idea.
3

Scientists have been experimenting with gene therapy, which often involves the use of bacteria or viruses to deliver new or modified genes to cells. These scientists believe gene therapy can be used to treat inherited diseases, but it is not yet in wide use even though many people have studied it. Which statement best describes gene therapy?

A
The idea has not yet achieved scientific consensus.
B
The idea has gained scientific consensus against its use.
C
The idea takes too long to test to develop scientific consensus.
D
The idea is supported by most scientists, but a vocal minority disagrees.
4

Which source should be avoided when conducting scientific research?

A
encyclopedias
B
personal blogs
C
scientific journals
D
government websites
5

What is the best description of the relationship between emerging scientific ideas and open-mindedness?

A
Open-mindedness results from emerging scientific ideas.
B
Open-mindedness often leads to emerging scientific ideas.
C
Open-mindedness leads to critical evaluation of emerging scientific ideas.
D
Open-mindedness helps people understand that emerging scientific ideas are uncertain.
6

Which best describes emerging scientific ideas?

A
never been tested
B
unpublished
C
supported by most, but not all, scientists
D
not yet studied by many scientists
7

Scientific consensus supports the idea that living organisms require oxygen. Then, a scientist discovers a type of bacteria that metabolizes sulfur instead of oxygen, and thus survives in environments without oxygen. The scientist concludes that a diverse group of many different organisms could live in an oxygen-free environment. Why are some scientists skeptical of the scientist’s results and conclusion?

A
The results are different from the scientific consensus.
B
The conclusion shows the scientist is not open-minded.
C
The results will be difficult for scientists to reproduce.
D
The conclusion needs to be supported by more evidence.
8

What is scientific consensus?

A
a new scientific idea that was confirmed by the original researcher
B
an idea that has been changed due to new information
C
a general agreement among scientists about a scientific idea
D
the understanding that knowledge in a particular area can be uncertain
9

What is skepticism?

A
a new scientific idea
B
being interested in new or different ideas
C
a general agreement among scientists about a scientific idea
D
the understanding that knowledge in a particular area can be uncertain
10

Too much skepticism can

A
lead to new ideas.
B
prevent scientific progress.
C
prevent critical evaluation of ideas.
D
lead to acceptance of untested ideas.
11

Fei Yen is using the Internet to conduct scientific research. She consults several websites for information. Which website is most reliable?

A
a website that lacks a bibliography
B
a website that includes advertising
C
a website that is from a professor at a university
D
a website that was last updated several years ago
12

John doesn’t think that skepticism should play an important role in the scientific process. He says that skepticism interferes with scientific consensus. Which statement best describes John’s conclusion?

A
It is incorrect because skepticism helps scientists recognize when ideas are not supported by evidence.
B
It is correct because skepticism prevents the acceptance of creative ideas and new discoveries.
C
It is correct because skepticism prevents scientists from testing new ideas and communicating with other scientists.
D
It is incorrect because skepticism leads to the acceptance of new ideas, which can eventually gain scientific consensus.
13

The idea that all living things are made up of cells is considered scientific law. This means the idea

A
is an emerging scientific idea that has a logical explanation.
B
has been tested with similar results at least twice.
C
is supported by scientific consensus and a large amount of evidence.
D
has been rejected only once by the scientific community.
14

When scientists read research articles in scientific journals, they apply skepticism in order to

A
revise the conclusions.
B
describe experimental procedures.
C
decide what other scientists will think.
D
evaluate experimental procedures.
15

Stefan is conducting research on gene therapy. His primary source of information was the government website for the Human Genome Project, which was a thirteen-year project conducted by the US Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. Scientists from several different countries participated in the project. The information gathered is

A
unreliable because it came from a website.
B
reliable because the website has an official name.
C
reliable because it came from a government website.
D
unreliable because the website includes the work from a different country.

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