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Statistical Issues Answers

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1
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Which statement about sample size is true?

A
As the sample size within a study increases, statistical power decreases.
B
As the sample size within a study decreases, statistical power decreases.
C
As the sample size within a study decreases, statistical power increases.
D
As the sample size within a study decreases, statistical power remains unaffected.
2
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If a researcher wishes to study the relationship between self-esteem and level of intelligence, then gathering data about participants’ eye color would be __________.

A
necessary because it may be an influencing variable in the study
B
unnecessary because it does not relate to the topic of the study
C
necessary because it may improve the validity of the study
D
unnecessary because eye color influences all variables being studied
3

Which of the following statements concerning statistical probability is not true?

A
Probability involves the level of certainty a researcher has in a circumstance or event taking place.
B
Probability influences how much a researcher is able to generalize research results back to the population.
C
Probability influences whether or not a researcher can claim statistical significance.
D
Probability levels for finding statistical significance increase as statistical power decreases.
4

Establishing a high critical value when calculating the results of a statistical test means that a researcher will have more confidence in finding significance than when a lower critical value is established.

A
T
B
F
5

Statistics can increase knowledge in all of the following ways except __________.

A
addressing gaps of information that exist within variable relationships
B
providing information used to improve psychological and medical practices
C
providing nonuseful information on ways to improve the educational system
D
providing more clarity about confusing variable relationships
6

All of the following are limitations of statistics except that it __________.

A
provides limited information
B
cannot be influenced by inaccurate assumptions
C
promotes limitations in perceptions
D
can be misrepresented
7

A study must be valid to be considered reliable.

A
T
B
F
8

A test that is administered in a consistent manner increases the reliability of a study.

A
T
B
F
9

To produce a valid test, the survey questions do not have to relate to the subject of the study.

A
T
B
F
10

A test’s statistical significance depends on power and probability.

A
T
B
F
11

For a study to accurately reflect a target population behavior, it must use __________ measures.

A
both reliable and valid
B
only reliable
C
only valid
D
neither reliable nor valid
12

An inaccurate assumption often made in statistics is that variable relationships are linear.

A
T
B
F
13

An unreliable study can occur if the __________.

A
survey is very clear
B
survey yields consistent results
C
test administration is inconsistent
D
test participant cannot guess on test questions
14

Statistics can promote limitations in perception in all of the following ways except by __________.

A
defining the relationship between variables in a subjective manner
B
providing information about participants that leads to a biased point of view
C
considering alternative perspectives when defining variable relationships
D
creating personal labels for individuals that relate to participants within a study
15

All of the following are benefits of statistics except that it __________.

A
increases knowledge
B
promotes change
C
creates biases
D
improves clarity
16

Which of the following statements representing limitations of statistics is not true?

A
Statistics offers information that only applies to the average population.
B
Statistical results are influenced by inaccurate assumptions.
C
Statistical results are not always reported by valid sources.
D
Statistics often assists in advocating for positive change.
17

An invalid study may have all of the following problems except __________.

A
poorly designed test questions
B
insufficient data
C
variables that relate to the topic
D
interference of unrecognized variables
18

A significance error is an error that occurs from drawing an incorrect conclusion about the __________ within a study.

A
critical value level
B
level of statistical support
C
number of participants
D
level of power
19

Statistics assists in establishing practical guidelines for improvement.

A
T
B
F
20

Statistical power is influenced by all of the following except __________.

A
significance error
B
critical value level
C
observed test value
D
sample size

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