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Succession and Extinction Answers

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1
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How does a whale fall community affect ocean sediment?

A
The decomposition of the whale enriches the sediment.
B
The remains of the whale pollute the sediment.
C
The sediment is transformed into food for mussels and crabs.
D
The bacteria that are attracted break down the sediment nearby.
2
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Which statement best describes ecological succession?

A
It is always caused by human intervention.
B
It occurs after a disturbance.
C
It never occurs in a predictable pattern.
D
It is a series of rapid changes in an ecosystem.
3

Which bar graph best represents the provided data?Cause of extinctionPercentage of total extinctionsIntroduced species39Habitat loss36Hunting and poaching23Other 2

A
A bar graph titled Threats to Biodiversity shows cause of extinction on the horizontal axis and percent of total extinctions on the vertical axis. Introduced species, 39 percent; Hunting and poaching, 36 percent; Habitat loss, 23 percent; Other, 2 percent.
Option A
B
A bar graph titled Threats to Biodiversity shows cause of extinction on the horizontal axis and percent of total extinctions on the vertical axis. Introduced species, 40 percent; Hunting and poaching, 20 percent; Habitat loss, 40 percent; Other, 0 percent.
Option B
C
A bar graph titled Threats to Biodiversity shows cause of extinction on the horizontal axis and percent of total extinctions on the vertical axis. Introduced species, 39 percent; Hunting and poaching, 2 percent; Habitat loss, 36 percent; Other, 0 percent.
Option C
D
A bar graph titled Threats to Biodiversity shows cause of extinction on the horizontal axis and percent of total extinctions on the vertical axis. Introduced species, 39 percent; Hunting and poaching, 23 percent; Habitat loss, 36 percent; Other, 2 percent.
Option D
4

On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens in Washington State experienced a huge volcanic eruption after a magnitude 5.1 earthquake. During the eruption, hot ash and pumice poured down the west, south, and east sides of the mountain, melting the snow and ice at the top of the volcano and producing volcanic mudflows. Which type of process first occurred in the ecosystem around Mount St. Helens after it erupted?

A
primary succession
B
secondary succession
C
a climax community
D
species extinction
5

Rhinoceroses are being poached at a rate of two or three a week in Africa and Asia. Which type of diversity is being lost as the population of rhinoceroses becomes very small?

A
species diversity
B
genetic diversity
C
ecosystem diversity
D
fragmented diversity
6

The diagram below shows the stages of succession in a forest ecosystem. Which area shows the climax community of secondary succession?

Question illustration
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
7

Which disturbance would result in primary succession?

A
harvesting wheat by using a combine harvester at the end of the growing season
B
controlled burning to stimulate the growth of forest trees such as sequoia
C
the formation of Surtsey, a volcanic island off of the southern coast of Iceland
D
the effect of a large herd of elephants on the grasses and shrubs in an area
8

The number of rhinoceroses has decreased to near extinction. How are rhinoceroses classified under the Endangered Species Act?

A
endangered
B
threatened
C
extinct
D
pioneer
9

What is the role of a pioneer species in primary succession?

A
to destroy parasites
B
to provide shade
C
to provide fruit
D
to produce the soil
10

Which factor can cause secondary succession?

A
clear cutting
B
glacial melting
C
competition
D
predation
11

Which of the following could result in the extinction of a species?

A
harsh restrictions on poachers
B
increase in the habitat size of a species
C
adding a new species to the habitat
D
decrease tourism in protected areas
12

Which statement best describes ecological succession?

A
It is always caused by human intervention.
B
It occurs after a disturbance.
C
It never occurs in a predictable pattern.
D
It is a series of rapid changes in an ecosystem.
13

Why are lichens a good pioneer species after a volcanic eruption?

A
They are able to grow on moist soil.
B
They are able to grow on bare rock.
C
They are able to attract animals.
D
They are able to grow without water.
14

The diagram below shows the stages of succession in a forest ecosystem. Which area shows the climax community of secondary succession?

Question illustration
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
15

Why are lichens a good pioneer species after a volcanic eruption?

A
They are able to grow on moist soil.
B
They are able to grow on bare rock.
C
They are able to attract animals.
D
They are able to grow without water.
16

According to the pie chart, which cause results in the most extinctions?

Question illustration
A
other
B
introduced species
C
habitat loss
D
hunting and poaching
17

Which factors involving the activities of people are a threat to biodiversity?

A
pollution and succession
B
habitat loss and predation
C
poaching and habitat loss
D
succession and poaching
18

Which factor can cause secondary succession?

A
clear cutting
B
glacial melting
C
competition
D
predation
19

According to the pie chart, which cause results in the most extinctions?

Question illustration
A
other
B
introduced species
C
habitat loss
D
hunting and poaching
20

The number of rhinoceroses has decreased to near extinction. How are rhinoceroses classified under the Endangered Species Act?

A
endangered
B
threatened
C
extinct
D
pioneer

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