Answers202526 IGC-English II - PrescriptiveSynthesizing Information to Create New Understanding

Synthesizing Information to Create New Understanding Answers

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Read the excerpt from Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson.We have abolished parole in many states. We have invented slogans like "Three strikes and you’re out” to communicate our toughness. We’ve given up on rehabilitation, education, and services for the imprisoned because providing assistance to the incarcerated is apparently too kind and compassionate.

A
Abolishing parole has shown how tough states are on crime.
B
Abolishing parole has prevented incarcerated people from rehabilitating.
C
Abolishing parole has helped decrease the overall crime rate.
D
Abolishing parole has allowed for incarcerated people to access other services.
2
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Read the excerpt from Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson.The collateral consequences of mass incarceration have been equally profound. We ban poor women and, inevitably, their children from receiving food stamps and public housing if they have prior drug convictions. We have created a new caste system that forces thousands of people into homelessness, bans them from living with their families and in their communities, and renders them virtually unemployable. Some states permanently strip people with criminal convictions of the right to vote; as a result, in several Southern states disenfranchisement among African American men has reached levels unseen since before the Voting Rights Act of 1965.We also make terrible mistakes. Scores of innocent people have been exonerated [cleared] after being sentenced to death and nearly executed. Hundreds more have been released after being proved innocent of noncapital crimes through DNA testing. Presumptions of guilt, poverty, racial bias, and a host of other social, structural, and political dynamics have created a system that is defined by error, a system in which thousands of innocent people now suffer in prison.

A
“The collateral consequences of mass incarceration have been equally profound.”
B
“Scores of innocent people have been exonerated after being sentenced to death and nearly executed.”
C
“Some states permanently strip people with criminal convictions of the right to vote; as a result, in several Southern states disenfranchisement among African American men has reached levels unseen since before the Voting Rights Act of 1965.”
D
“Presumptions of guilt, poverty, racial bias, and a host of other social, structural, and political dynamics have created a system that is defined by error, a system in which thousands of innocent people now suffer in prison.”
3

Read the excerpts from "Wrongful Convictions” by Jon Gould and Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson."Wrongful Convictions”Today what I’d like to present to you are the results of a three-year project using empirical methods and a control group that really brought social science methods to the table to examine the causes of wrongful conviction.Just MercyThis book is about getting closer to mass incarceration and extreme punishment in America. It is about how easily we condemn people in this country and the injustice we create when we allow fear, anger, and distance to shape the way we treat the most vulnerable among us. It’s also about a dramatic period in our recent history, a period that indelibly marked the lives of millions of Americans—of all races, ages, and sexes—and the American psyche as a whole.

A
Both want to bring awareness to unjust convictions.
B
Both want to share their direct experiences with the justice system.
C
Both want to encourage others to fight to change the justice system.
D
Both want to show how the conviction system affects people mentally.
4

Read the excerpts from "Wrongful Convictions” by John R. Firman and Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson. "Wrongful Convictions” [In addition, we need to look at] post-arrest case review. . . . The team will sit down and say, "Let us go back and look for any potential red flags, where we can say that even though we’ve hung our hat on this case and we think this is the right person, this is the right offender, then the bottom line is, let’s go back, let’s stop, let’s just stop everything, get the checklist out—just like pilots do, just like doctors do—and say, ‘What do we have here? What does this case really look like?’”Just MercyAn absence of compassion can corrupt the decency of a community, a state, a nation. Fear and anger can make us vindictive and abusive, unjust and unfair, until we all suffer from the absence of mercy and we condemn ourselves as much as we victimize others.

A
Both authors share an emotional tone; however, Firman is highlighting the mistakes in the justice system, while Stevenson is asking for changes in the future.
B
Both authors share a cautious tone; however, Firman is arguing for specific checklists, while Stevenson is asking for broader change.
C
While Firman’s tone is methodical and Stevenson’s tone is passionate, both excerpts seek measured fairness in the application of justice.
D
While Firman’s tone is conversational and Stevenson’s tone is formal, both excerpts ask that the justice sector be more like the health and safety sectors.
5

Read the excerpt from Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson.It is about how easily we condemn people in this country and the injustice we create when we allow fear, anger, and distance to shape the way we treat the most vulnerable among us. It’s also about a dramatic period in our recent history, a period that indelibly marked the lives of millions of Americans—of all races, ages, and sexes—and the American psyche as a whole.. . . Today we have the highest rate of incarceration in the world. The prison population has increased from 300,000 people in the early 1970s to 2.3 million people today. There are nearly six million people on probation or on parole. One in every fifteen people born in the United States in 2001 is expected to go to jail or prison; one in every three black male babies born in this century is expected to be incarcerated.

A
“It is about how easily we condemn people in this country and the injustice we create when we allow fear, anger, and distance to shape the way we treat the most vulnerable among us.”
B
“Today we have the highest rate of incarceration in the world.”
C
“The prison population has increased from 300,000 people in the early 1970s to 2.3 million people today.”
D
“One in every fifteen people born in the United States in 2001 is expected to go to jail or prison; one in every three black male babies born in this century is expected to be incarcerated.”
6

What is a main idea?

A
the organization of information
B
an element that enhances information
C
the purpose for writing a text
D
what a text is mostly about
7

Read the excerpts from "Wrongful Convictions” by Jon Gould and Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson. The authors are discussing changing the justice system."Wrongful Convictions”We are seeing a number of police departments and prosecutors take interest in these issues and really try to prevent them.Just MercyThe closer we get to mass incarceration and extreme levels of punishment, the more I believe it’s necessary to recognize that we all need mercy, we all need justice, and—perhaps—we all need some measure of unmerited grace.

A
They believe that the criminal justice system is not involved in reform.
B
They believe that the criminal justice system must be invested in reform.
C
They believe that everyone has a role in making a change to the criminal justice system.
D
They believe that forgiveness is important for change in the criminal justice system to occur.
8

Read the excerpt from Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson.Hundreds of thousands of nonviolent offenders have been forced to spend decades in prison. We’ve created laws that make writing a bad check or committing a petty theft or minor property crime an offense that can result in life imprisonment. We have declared a costly war on people with substance abuse problems. There are more than a half-million people in state or federal prisons for drug offenses today, up from just 41,000 in 1980.

A
Life sentences should not be given to nonviolent offenders.
B
Life sentences most affect people with substance abuse problems.
C
Most people who are given life sentences were convicted of nonviolent crimes.
D
Many people who are given life sentences were charged with a drug offense.
9

Read the excerpt from Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson.Hundreds of thousands of nonviolent offenders have been forced to spend decades in prison. We’ve created laws that make writing a bad check or committing a petty theft or minor property crime an offense that can result in life imprisonment. We have declared a costly war on people with substance abuse problems. There are more than a half-million people in state or federal prisons for drug offenses today, up from just 41,000 in 1980.We have abolished parole in many states. We have invented slogans like "Three strikes and you’re out” to communicate our toughness. We’ve given up on rehabilitation, education, and services for the imprisoned because providing assistance to the incarcerated is apparently too kind and compassionate. . . .The collateral consequences of mass incarceration have been equally profound. We ban poor women and, inevitably, their children from receiving food stamps and public housing if they have prior drug convictions.

A
“We’ve created laws that make writing a bad check or committing a petty theft or minor property crime an offense that can result in life imprisonment.”
B
“We have invented slogans like ‘Three strikes and you’re out’ to communicate our toughness.”
C
“The collateral consequences of mass incarceration have been equally profound.”
D
“We ban poor women and, inevitably, their children from receiving food stamps and public housing if they have prior drug convictions.”
10

Read the excerpts from "Wrongful Convictions” by Jon Gould and Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson."Wrongful Convictions”Being known to the police or having your photo in a mug shot book means that you are more likely—if you are innocent—to be wrongly convicted.Just MercyWe also make terrible mistakes. Scores of innocent people have been exonerated [cleared] after being sentenced to death and nearly executed. Hundreds more have been released after being proved innocent of noncapital crimes through DNA testing. Presumptions of guilt, poverty, racial bias, and a host of other social, structural, and political dynamics have created a system that is defined by error, a system in which thousands of innocent people now suffer in prison.

A
The evidence in both excerpts shows that racial bias plays a part in wrongful conviction.
B
The evidence in both excerpts shows that assumptions are a cause of wrongful convictions.
C
The evidence in both excerpts shows that poverty is a reason for wrongful convictions.
D
The evidence in both excerpts shows that social structures are a cause for wrongful convictions.

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