Winter storms reduce solar and wind efficiency by 50%, creating a shortfall in energy production. One state must invest in a reliable backup energy source to maintain stable electricity generation during winter. To ensure reliability, they are willing to invest in sources that produce carbon dioxide, provided costs are kept as low as possible. Which backup source should the state prioritize?

Natural gas can provide reliable electricity when solar and wind output falls, and it generally costs less to build and operate than nuclear power. Hydro depends on suitable water resources and may be affected by winter conditions, while coal typically produces more carbon dioxide and pollution than natural gas. Since the state accepts carbon emissions but wants to keep costs low, natural gas is the best choice.

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