Miriam is visiting five friends in her neighborhood, Louise, Mike, Nicole, Oscar, and Pascal. In each arrangement below, the first initial of each person’s name represents that person’s position as he or she is visited by Miriam.Which shows all the outcomes for this event if she visits with Nicole first and Louise last?

Nicole must be first and Louise must be last, so the arrangement has the form N _ _ _ L. The three remaining friends, Mike, Oscar, and Pascal, can fill the middle positions in 3 × 2 × 1 = 6 different orders. Choice C lists all six: NMOPL, NMPOL, NOPML, NOMPL, NPMOL, and NPOML.

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