Igneous Rocks — Test Answers

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1
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An igneous rock floats because air bubbles became trapped when molten material erupted from an underground volcano. How else can this rock be accurately described?

A
intrusive
B
extrusive
C
large crystals
D
coarse texture
2
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Which phrase describes non-foliated rocks?

A
have grains in parallel layers
B
include quartzite and marble
C
tend to split along their bands
D
form from crystallized magma
3

An igneous rock has a coarse texture and is dark in color. How else can this rock be accurately described?

A
small crystals
B
cooled quickly
C
produced from magma
D
formed at Earth’s surface
4

A geologist finds a metamorphic rock and notices that it has grains that formed in parallel layers. The geologist pries at the rock, and it splits apart along the bands formed by the layers.Which type of rock did the geologist most likely find?

A
gneiss
B
limestone
C
marble
D
sandstone
5

Which rock is an example of a clastic sedimentary rock?

A
shale
B
iron ore
C
rock salt
D
limestone
6

Which rock is an example of a chemical sedimentary rock?

A
coal
B
iron ore
C
shale
D
sandstone
7

Which phrase describes how metamorphic rocks form?

A
form from melting
B
form at Earth’s surface
C
form from sediments
D
form from existing rocks
8

Which correctly lists the three agents that must be present for cementation to occur?

A
minerals, heat, sediment
B
water, minerals, sediment
C
heat, animals, plants
D
sediment, heat, animals
9

Which statement best describes the formation of metamorphic rocks?

A
Magma cools and crystallizes slowly beneath Earth’s surface.
B
Liquid lava erupts from a volcano and cools quickly at Earth’s surface.
C
Sand and gravel are deposited at the mouth of a river and, over time, form layers that solidify into rock.
D
Ancient sandstone beaches become buried deep beneath Earth’s surface, where they are exposed to extreme heat and pressure.
10

Which process begins the formation of sedimentary rock?

A
the movement of sediment
B
the cementation of rock sediment
C
the breakdown of rock into sediment
D
the buildup of sediment in one location
11

Which characteristic is best for identifying whether a rock is intrusive or extrusive?

A
color
B
shape
C
texture
D
weight
12

Which type of rock has a coarse texture due to slow cooling in magma chambers?

A
extrusive
B
intrusive
C
metamorphic
D
sedimentary
13

Which type of rock forms when molten material cools and hardens inside Earth?

A
an igneous rock
B
an extrusive rock
C
a rock with fine texture
D
a rock with small crystals
14

As streams flow through Stone Mountain, layers of sand build up. Over time, the sand particles form a sedimentary rock called sandstone.What causes sandstone to change into metamorphic rock at Stone Mountain?

A
Sandstone is reshaped by erosion from a stream.
B
Sandstone builds up layers of sand at the mountain.
C
Sandstone experiences intense heat and pressure.
D
Sandstone has more sand particles compacted on top of it.
15

This image shows a model of the rock cycle.

Question illustration
A
compacting of sediments on the mountain
B
cooling as the lava runs down the mountain
C
weathering of the mountain from the environment
D
eroding of different rocks at the base of the mountain
16

Which phrase describes an extrusive rock?

A
fine texture
B
cooled slowly
C
found deep underground
D
different, easily observed minerals
17

Which two materials form igneous rocks upon cooling?

A
lava and crystals
B
magma and lava
C
crystals and intrusive rocks
D
intrusive rocks and sediment from rocks
18

Which two parts of sedimentary rock formation include the breakdown and carrying away of existing rock?

A
cementation and erosion
B
compaction and cementation
C
deposition and compaction
D
erosion and weathering
19

The image shows an example of a sedimentary rock.

Question illustration
A
visible crystal formations
B
variation of colored sediments
C
visible rock fragments
D
distribution of organic materials
20

Which process moves small rock pieces during sedimentary rock formation?

A
compaction
B
deposition
C
erosion
D
weathering

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