Answers11011de2 CONNECTED Fall 2026 NM-US History and Geography S2The Civil Rights Movement Begins

The Civil Rights Movement Begins Answers

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1
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What was the difference between the Supreme Court decisions in Sweatt v. Painter and Brown v. Board of Education?

A
Sweatt ruled that “separate but equal” graduate and professional schools were constitutional. Brown overturned that decision.
B
Sweatt struck down “separate but equal” public schools. Brown struck down “separate but equal” graduate schools.
C
Sweatt struck down “separate but equal” graduate and professional schools. Brown struck down “separate but equal” public schools.
D
Sweatt concerned African American voting rights. Brown concerned equal access to education for African Americans.
2
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What was the purpose of the Southern Manifesto?

A
To serve as a guide for NAACP leaders working towards desegregation in the South
B
To pledge to restore and maintain order and to ensure the protection of African American children during the desegregation of Southern schools
C
To condemn the Brown decision and declare an intention of Southern governments to oppose integration
D
To challenge the Brown ruling with an application for an appeal to the highest federal court
3

Which of the following encouraged the NAACP to become involved with Reverend Oliver Brown’s lawsuit against a board of education in Kansas?

A
the Southern Manifesto against desegregation
B
the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson
C
the election of Senator Harry Byrd to the US Senate
D
the Supreme Court’s decision in Sweatt v. Painter
4

Why did Eisenhower send federal troops to Central High School in Arkansas?

A
to assist local police who were struggling to contain an angry white mob
B
to remove the National Guard who had been sent by Governor Faubus
C
to block African American students from entering the school
D
to prevent white students from attending and integrating the school
5

Which of the following best describes the 1957 events at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas?

A
Governor Faubus resisted the school’s integration with National Guard troops, and President Eisenhower sent federal troops to enforce integration.
B
Under Governor Faubus, Little Rock police first fought, then enforced, the order to integrate the school.
C
President Eisenhower sent National Guard troops to resist the school’s integration, but Governor Faubus obtained a court order to dismiss them.
D
President Eisenhower and Governor Faubus worked together to make the integration process run as smoothly as possible.
6

Which of the following names an NAACP member who became the first African American Supreme Court justice?

A
Heman Sweatt
B
Thurgood Marshall
C
Branch Rickey
D
Jackie Robinson
7

What main tactic did the NAACP use to fight for African American equality?

A
asking for “separate but equal” facilities
B
asking African Americans to become lawyers
C
establishing its own graduate school
D
arguing legal cases in court
8

What was the NAACP’s goal in filing the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education lawsuit?

A
to create equal facilities for segregated schools
B
to end segregation in public education
C
to fund African American public schools
D
to strengthen segregation in public education
9

Who called for “massive resistance” by southern politicians to the Brown decision?

A
Earl Warren
B
Harry Byrd
C
Orval Faubus
D
Thurgood Marshall
10

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions forced the University of Texas to admit an African American student to its law school?

A
Plessy v. Ferguson
B
Sweatt v. Painter
C
Brown v. Board of Education
D
Brown v. Plessy
11

Long after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, some states had not desegregated their schools because

A
the Supreme Court had not set a deadline for doing so.
B
they rejected the Supreme Court’s decision by popular vote.
C
the Supreme Court made desegregation voluntary.
D
they decided to close down their schools rather than desegregate.
12

Which of the following called upon states to desegregate public schools “with all deliberate speed”?

A
Brown v. Board of Education
B
the Southern Manifesto
C
Brown II
D
Plessy v. Ferguson
13

In his arguments in Brown v. Board of Education, the lawyer for Oliver and Linda Brown claimed that “separate but equal” public schools were

A
neither separate nor equal.
B
separate but not truly equal.
C
equal but not truly separate.
D
both separate and equal.
14

Brown v. Board of Education was argued before the Supreme Court by

A
Linda Brown.
B
Orval Faubus.
C
Thurgood Marshall.
D
Reverend Oliver Brown.

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