1.4 The Enlightenment Answers

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According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the purpose of government control over citizens?

A
to provide safety and security
B
to erase natural human tendencies
C
to create a balanced society
D
to change the corrupt nature of humans.
3

What did the philosophers of the Enlightenment seek to understand?

A
the natural rights behind religion’s continued power
B
the natural rights governing human behavior and society
C
the natural rights that gave leaders absolute power
D
the natural rights that governed the physical universe
4

authoritytraditionreason

A
authority
B
tradition
C
reason
5

John Locke believed that natural rights

A
should be given only to the majority.
B
should be limited for all people.
C
do not come from the government.
D
do not pertain to economic issues.
6

Thomas Hobbes’s belief that every country should have the ultimate power over itself is known as

n
national sovereignty.
a
a social contract.
n
natural rights.
t
the separation of powers.
7

Read the quote by Thomas Hobbes.Law was brought into the world for nothing else but to limit the natural liberty of particular men in such manner as they might not hurt but assist one another and join together against a common enemy.

A
to protect rights
B
to remove rights
C
to reduce liberty
D
to expand liberty
8

John Locke thought people were neither good nor bad naturally. How did Hobbes’s views differ from Locke’s?

A
Hobbes thought people were naturally violent.
B
Hobbes thought people were naturally kind.
C
Hobbes thought people were naturally peaceful.
D
Hobbes thought people were naturally evil.
10

How did the philosophers of the Enlightenment view the relationship between government and the governed?

A
as mutually beneficial for people and government
B
as more beneficial to the government
C
as more beneficial to the people governed
D
as not at all beneficial to either group
11

Which factors contributed to the beginning of the Enlightenment movement? Check all that apply.the age of science and scientific inquirythe revival of religious belief and studythe age of reason-based inquirythe advancement in all areas of human interestthe resurgence of past ideas and principles

A
the age of science and scientific inquiry
B
the revival of religious belief and study
C
the age of reason-based inquiry
D
the advancement in all areas of human interest
E
the resurgence of past ideas and principles
12

The key idea of John Locke’s Enlightenment theory was to protect and enhance the freedoms and rights of

A
the government.
B
the philosophers.
C
the law.
D
the individual.
13

Read the passage from Two Treatises of Government (1690) by John Locke.This paternal, regal power being by divine right only his, it leaves no room for human prudence, or consent, to place it any where else; for if only one man hath a divine right to the obedience of mankind, no body can claim that obedience, but he that can shew that right; nor can men’s consciences, by any other pretence, be obliged to it. And thus, this doctrine cuts up all government by the roots.

A
If only one person has the authority to rule, then no one else, even members of government, may have authority, so divine right undermines civil society.
B
If only one person has the authority to rule, there should be no confusion about how to follow the law, so divine right supports the goals of civil society.
C
If only one person has the authority to rule, the people will always eventually conflict with that ruler, so divine right undermines civil society.
D
If only one person has the authority to rule, all of the public servants they appoint will act in good faith, so divine right supports the goals of civil society.
14

Thomas HobbesJohn LockeBaron de Montesquieu

A
Thomas Hobbes
B
John Locke
C
Baron de Montesquieu
15

[BLANK]

A
rulers
B
philosophers
C
enemies
16

Which act could be considered an acceptance of the social contract?

A
paying the electric bill in exchange for using electricity
B
viewing commercials in exchange for watching network news broadcasts
C
observing traffic laws in exchange for driving on the highway
D
paying the water bill in exchange for taking a shower
17

Locke argued that all humans are born with what natural rights?

A
life, liberty, property
B
life, cooperation, liberty
C
opportunity, property, support
D
opportunity, support, cooperation
18

How did Niccolo Machiavelli’s ideas contribute to Enlightenment thinking?

A
He helped define natural rights.
B
He argued for the separation of church and state.
C
He felt that law, morality, and religion were superficial.
D
He examined human nature outside of religion.
19

How did Niccolo Machiavelli’s ideas contribute to Enlightenment thinking?

A
He helped define natural rights.
B
He argued for the separation of church and state.
C
He felt that law, morality, and religion were superficial.
D
He examined human nature outside of religion.

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