Answers LAUSD-Principles of American Democracy PrescriptiveUnit Test

The Enlightenment Answers

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How did the Enlightenment’s theories of government view the role of government?

as benevolent

as absolute

as transparent

as useful

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Read the passage from Two Treatises of Government (1690) by John Locke.This paternal, regal power being by divine right only his, it leaves no room for human prudence, or consent, to place it any where else; for if only one man hath a divine right to the obedience of mankind, no body can claim that obedience, but he that can shew that right; nor can men’s consciences, by any other pretence, be obliged to it. And thus, this doctrine cuts up all government by the roots.

If only one person has the authority to rule, then no one else, even members of government, may have authority, so divine right undermines civil society.

If only one person has the authority to rule, there should be no confusion about how to follow the law, so divine right supports the goals of civil society.

If only one person has the authority to rule, the people will always eventually conflict with that ruler, so divine right undermines civil society.

If only one person has the authority to rule, all of the public servants they appoint will act in good faith, so divine right supports the goals of civil society.

Locke argued that all humans are born with what natural rights?

life, liberty, property

life, cooperation, liberty

opportunity, property, support

opportunity, support, cooperation

Thomas HobbesJohn LockeBaron de Montesquieu

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

Baron de Montesquieu

Enlightenment thinking on government included

establishing religious doctrine.

using violent protest.

taking a secular approach.

supporting divine right.

John Locke thought people were neither good nor bad naturally. How did Hobbes’s views differ from Locke’s?

Hobbes thought people were naturally violent.

Hobbes thought people were naturally kind.

Hobbes thought people were naturally peaceful.

Hobbes thought people were naturally evil.

What did philosophers of the Enlightenment have faith in, believing it could answer questions and solve problems?

science

economics

human reason

government authority

Under what circumstances did John Locke think it would be acceptable for the people to overthrow the government?

It is never acceptable, as overthrowing the government would be a violation of the social contract.

If the people were to break the social contract and seek a different type of rule, the people could overthrow the government.

If the government violated the social contract, the people could overthrow the government.

If the government failed to accept new natural rights, the people could overthrow the government.

Which act could be considered an acceptance of the social contract?

paying the electric bill in exchange for using electricity

viewing commercials in exchange for watching network news broadcasts

observing traffic laws in exchange for driving on the highway

paying the water bill in exchange for taking a shower

Why did Montesquieu advocate the separation of powers?

to stop political parties from gaining too much power

to ensure power divisions along party lines

to eliminate conflict between branches of government

to limit the power of any single group or person

Because the framers of the US Constitution were concerned about citizens having too much power, they

banned citizens from voting.

organized a system of consuls and magistrates.

established a republic.

created a system of independently governed city-states.

A benefit of a bicameral legislature is that it

gives equal power to the men and women who hold key government positions.

separates powers, keeping one body from gaining too much power.

enables every citizen a chance to vote and make important decisions.

gives all authority to a chief executive.

Judeo-Christian principles refer to the religious beliefs and values held in common by

Christians and Muslims.

Christians and Jews.

Buddhists and Jews.

ancient Athenians and Christians.

The most important way in which the Greeks influenced American democracy was by allowing

city-states to follow their own form of government.

citizens to participate in government.

elected representatives to make all decisions.

strong leaders to make all decisions.

What was the biggest difference between government in ancient Athens and in ancient Rome?

Rome was a direct democracy, and Athens was not.

Athens allowed all citizens to vote, while Rome was a republic.

Athens allowed women and slaves to vote, but Rome did not.

Rome had a bicameral assembly, and Athens did not.

You shall not render an unjust judgment; you shall not be partial to the poor or defer to the great: with justice you shall judge your neighbor.

republican form of government

direct democracy

separation of powers

equality of all citizens

In what way did ancient Athens influence the framers of the United States Constitution?

All Athenians were allowed to vote.

The legislative branch in Athens had two main bodies.

The Council of 500 made all major decisions.

Laws were made by the chief executive.

A republic is a form of government where

all citizens take an active role in decision making.

military leaders represent the people.

a chief executive makes all the decisions.

elected officials represent the people.

A direct democracy is one in which all citizens

vote on important decisions.

elect representatives to make decisions for them.

choose a strong leader to make all the laws.

vote in a Council of 500.

What is the biggest difference in citizen participation in government between ancient Athens and the modern United States?

US citizens are all members of the General Assembly.

US citizens vote directly on all laws or important decisions.

US citizens are randomly selected to join the Council of 500.

US citizens elect officials to represent them in government.

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