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The Enlightenment Answers

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1
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What must people provide in order to be governed under a social contract?

r
rational consent to the government
a
allegiance to the government
p
political support for the government
m
material support for the government
2
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Thomas Hobbes’s belief that every country should have the ultimate power over itself is known as

n
national sovereignty.
a
a social contract.
n
natural rights.
t
the separation of powers.
3

John Locke believed that natural rights

A
should be given only to the majority.
B
should be limited for all people.
C
do not come from the government.
D
do not pertain to economic issues.
4

John Locke thought people were neither good nor bad naturally. How did Hobbes’s views differ from Locke’s?

A
Hobbes thought people were naturally violent.
B
Hobbes thought people were naturally kind.
C
Hobbes thought people were naturally peaceful.
D
Hobbes thought people were naturally evil.
5

Why did Montesquieu advocate the separation of powers?

A
to stop political parties from gaining too much power
B
to ensure power divisions along party lines
C
to eliminate conflict between branches of government
D
to limit the power of any single group or person
6

Locke argued that all humans are born with what natural rights?

A
life, liberty, property
B
life, cooperation, liberty
C
opportunity, property, support
D
opportunity, support, cooperation
7

How did the Enlightenment’s theories of government view the role of government?

A
as benevolent
B
as absolute
C
as transparent
D
as useful
8

What did philosophers of the Enlightenment have faith in, believing it could answer questions and solve problems?

A
science
B
economics
C
human reason
D
government authority
9

The key idea of John Locke’s Enlightenment theory was to protect and enhance the freedoms and rights of

A
the government.
B
the philosophers.
C
the law.
D
the individual.
10

[BLANK]

A
rulers
B
philosophers
C
enemies
11

Under what circumstances did John Locke think it would be acceptable for the people to overthrow the government?

A
It is never acceptable, as overthrowing the government would be a violation of the social contract.
B
If the people were to break the social contract and seek a different type of rule, the people could overthrow the government.
C
If the government violated the social contract, the people could overthrow the government.
D
If the government failed to accept new natural rights, the people could overthrow the government.
12

Read the passage from Two Treatises of Government (1690) by John Locke.This paternal, regal power being by divine right only his, it leaves no room for human prudence, or consent, to place it any where else; for if only one man hath a divine right to the obedience of mankind, no body can claim that obedience, but he that can shew that right; nor can men’s consciences, by any other pretence, be obliged to it. And thus, this doctrine cuts up all government by the roots.

A
If only one person has the authority to rule, then no one else, even members of government, may have authority, so divine right undermines civil society.
B
If only one person has the authority to rule, there should be no confusion about how to follow the law, so divine right supports the goals of civil society.
C
If only one person has the authority to rule, the people will always eventually conflict with that ruler, so divine right undermines civil society.
D
If only one person has the authority to rule, all of the public servants they appoint will act in good faith, so divine right supports the goals of civil society.
13

Read the quote by Thomas Hobbes.Law was brought into the world for nothing else but to limit the natural liberty of particular men in such manner as they might not hurt but assist one another and join together against a common enemy.

A
to protect rights
B
to remove rights
C
to reduce liberty
D
to expand liberty
14

John Locke believed humans are

A
easily be molded by authority.
B
instinctual and violent.
C
good but corrupted by society.
D
naturally reasonable.
15

According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the purpose of government control over citizens?

A
to provide safety and security
B
to erase natural human tendencies
C
to create a balanced society
D
to change the corrupt nature of humans.
16

How did the philosophers of the Enlightenment view the relationship between government and the governed?

A
as mutually beneficial for people and government
B
as more beneficial to the government
C
as more beneficial to the people governed
D
as not at all beneficial to either group

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