The Industrialized North

Question 3 • ELPGEQ3 M/J U.S. History - 2100015 HCPS v24

How did changes in manufacturing in the late 1700s and early 1800s affect people living in cities in the North?

Answer

Fewer people worked in factories as water-powered machines increasingly replaced laborers.

Factories used interchangeable parts and water power, so workers’ hours became shorter.

Factories employed more people, including women and children, for lower wages and longer hours.

As factory employment became less widely available, people began leaving the cities to work in agriculture.

Explanation

Manufacturing grew during the Industrial Revolution, and factories needed many workers to operate machines and produce goods. Factory owners often hired women and children because they could pay them lower wages, and workers commonly faced long hours. Therefore, the correct choice is C: factories employed more people, including women and children, for lower wages and longer hours.

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