Answers26-27 CFISD TX-Chemistry A CRThe Nature of Chemistry

The Nature of Chemistry Answers

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1
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Scientists and nonscientists have both been interested in the moon for a long time. Which is most likely an example of pseudoscience?

A
observation that the moon influences ocean tides
B
belief that the moon influences human behavior
C
calculation of the distance between the earth and the moon
D
measurement of the mass of the moon
2
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What negative impact did chemistry have on society through the production and use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?

A
Hazardous coolants in refrigeration units were replaced.
B
Better refrigeration reduced loss of food through spoilage.
C
Lower levels of ozone allowed more ultraviolet radiation to reach Earth.
D
Fire safety improved through the use of fire extinguishers.
3

Consider the statement:“The following report presents the results of our laboratory tests, which support the conclusion that our new treatment for acne is safe and effective with minimal possible side effects.”What questions should a person ask themselves to determine if this scientific study is reliable?

A
What does the acne medicine look like?
B
What does the acne medicine smell like?
C
Were laboratory tests conducted by the same company that produces the acne medicine?
D
Were laboratory tests conducted in a laboratory with more than 100 employees?
4

Which area of chemistry best links the use of titanium and plastics in artificial bone and joint replacements?

A
environmental chemistry
B
materials chemistry
C
agricultural chemistry
D
physical chemistry
5

The diagram shows the relationship between scientific disciplines. The names of some scientific disciplines have been removed from the boxes. Which scientific discipline belongs in the blue box?

Question illustration
A
physics
B
biology
C
chemistry
D
metallurgy
6

Which branch of chemistry would study how pollution effects marine life?

b
biochemistry
p
physical chemistry
m
materials chemistry
e
environmental chemistry
7

Which statement correctly contrasts science and pseudoscience?

A
Science is objective, whereas pseudoscience is subjective.
B
Science lacks a process for collecting data, whereas pseudoscience relies on collecting data.
C
Pseudoscience is constantly updated, whereas science does not change based on new information.
D
Pseudoscience is published in academic journals, whereas science appears mostly on the Internet.
8

Which statement best describes pseudoscience?

A
It is objective and backed by facts.
B
It lacks a process for collecting data.
C
It is constantly updated based on new information.
D
It is closely analyzed before it is made known.
9

Which area of science is considered the central science?

A
chemistry
B
biology
C
physics
D
environmental science
10

The insecticide DDT was introduced in the 1950s, and the rates of malaria dropped significantly. DDT was later found to be toxic to birds and other animals, and it was discontinued in 1964. As a result, rates of malaria began to rise. How can the effects of DDT on society be characterized?

A
only positive, not negative
B
only negative, not positive
C
both positive and negative
D
neither positive nor negative
11

Fertilizers are agricultural chemicals. These chemicals can help supply crops with the nutrients they need to grow and develop. Fertilizers can also pollute groundwater, which is the source of drinking water. Which statement best summarizes the information in the paragraph?

A
Fertilizers have both positive and negative effects.
B
Fertilizers are beneficial to the community.
C
Fertilizers do more harm than good to society.
D
Fertilizers do not have an effect on society at all.
12

Which choice below represents a negative impact that chemistry has on society?

A
development of cancer treatment drugs
B
development of Teflon, the nonstick material used in cookware
C
combustion of car engines producing pollutants in the air
D
the development of nuclear power plants used to produce electricity
13

Which type of chemistry studies the chemical reactions that occur in the human body?

A
biochemistry
B
materials chemistry
C
physical chemistry
D
environmental chemistry
14

A high school class is discussing whether a particular discovery in chemistry has had a positive impact on society. Which question is the most important for the students to answer?

A
How have people and the environment been affected by the discovery?
B
How many scientists were involved in the discovery?
C
When was the discovery made?
D
At which institution was the discovery made?
15

The diagram shows the relationship between scientific disciplines. The names of some scientific disciplines have been removed from the boxes. Which scientific discipline belongs in the blue box?

Question illustration
A
physics
B
biology
C
chemistry
D
metallurgy
16

“The element vanadium is a solid at room temperature, and its density is 6110 kilograms per meter cubed. Its melting point is 1910 degrees Celsius.”

n
not reliable because opinions are presented
r
reliable because testable facts are presented
n
not reliable because it is very brief
r
reliable because metric units are used
17

Which statement correctly contrasts science and pseudoscience?

A
Science is objective, whereas pseudoscience is subjective.
B
Science lacks a process for collecting data, whereas pseudoscience relies on collecting data.
C
Pseudoscience is constantly updated, whereas science does not change based on new information.
D
Pseudoscience is published in academic journals, whereas science appears mostly on the Internet.
18

Which is an example of pseudoscience?

A
use of X-rays to observe the bones of the arm
B
use of DNA analysis to determine paternity
C
use of vaccines to prevent the occurrence of disease
D
use of astrology to predict the personality of a child
19

Scientists and nonscientists have both been interested in the moon for a long time. Which is most likely an example of pseudoscience?

A
observation that the moon influences ocean tides
B
belief that the moon influences human behavior
C
calculation of the distance between the earth and the moon
D
measurement of the mass of the moon

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