Answers26-27 CFISD TX-Chemistry A CRThe Progress of Scientific Knowledge

The Progress of Scientific Knowledge Answers

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A scientist reads relevant literature and designs her experiment. She repeats her experiment several times and collects an entire set of data every time. As compared to a single data set, the multiple data sets lead her to modified conclusions. How is skepticism important to the progress of science in this scenario?

A
It led her to incorporate new technology into the design of the experiment.
B
It led to the collection of the first data set.
C
It led to the collection of several complete data sets.
D
It helped with reading papers prior to the investigation.
2
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A biochemist performs an experiment to study the behavior of water molecules near proteins. He concludes that water molecules occur in groups of five in the presence of proteins. Skepticism is important in this scenario because it would help him to

A
learn from the investigations of his colleagues.
B
ask future questions related to the investigation.
C
communicate his results at a conference.
D
ensure that his conclusion is supported by evidence.
5

The theory of global warming states that the average temperature of the earth has been increasing over time. This theory will be most strongly affected by scientific studies that

A
allow the measurement of the earth’s temperatures at the poles.
B
reveal how the earth’s temperature has fluctuated in the past.
C
reveal how the earth’s temperature varies from location to location.
D
allow the measurement of the earth’s temperature with greater precision.
6

Scientists use results from new experiments to

A
support their own personal political opinions.
B
increase precision of data that were collected previously.
C
modify existing explanations of how nature works.
D
aid in distinguishing science from pseudoscience.
7

Erwin Schrödinger developed the quantum model of the atom. What scientific knowledge was necessary for Schrödinger’s work?

A
the discovery of the electron
B
the discovery of gamma rays
C
the invention of computers for complex calculations
D
the invention of microscopes for seeing subatomic particles
9

When the first periodic table of the elements was published, the elements were arranged by atomic mass. Although several elements seemed out of order, later discoveries showed the order to be correct. Which event most likely helped the development of the periodic table?

A
Scientists changed the atomic masses to better fit the pattern.
B
Scientists refused to consider other ways to organize the elements.
C
New technology was developed that modified the masses.
D
New information changed the understanding of the atom’s structure.
10

A medical research lab in Europe is studying a drug’s absorption in the blood. Another lab in Japan is trying to delay the elimination of this drug from the blood so that it can act in the body for a longer period of time. Based on this information, it can be concluded that scientific knowledge progresses due to the efforts of scientists

A
from different social and ethnic backgrounds.
B
from the most prestigious universities of the world.
C
who possess a high degree of efficiency.
D
who possess a high degree of skepticism.
11

Which trait would most likely lead a scientist to repeat an experiment and verify the data?

A
creativity
B
openness
C
diversity
D
skepticism
12

Which trait would most likely lead a scientist to investigate folk remedies of tribes living in the rain forest for new medicines?

A
openness
B
narrow-minded
C
creativity
D
skepticism
13

A scientist reads relevant literature and designs her experiment. She repeats her experiment several times and collects an entire set of data every time. As compared to a single data set, the multiple data sets lead her to modified conclusions. How is skepticism important to the progress of science in this scenario?

A
It led her to incorporate new technology into the design of the experiment.
B
It led to the collection of the first data set.
C
It led to the collection of several complete data sets.
D
It helped with reading papers prior to the investigation.
14

Dalton was an English schoolteacher, Rutherford was a chemist from New Zealand, and Bohr was a Danish physicist. Each made important contributions to the atomic model. Taken together, what do these scientists demonstrate?

A
the cumulative nature of science
B
the quantitative nature of science
C
the importance of new technologies in scientific discoveries
D
the importance of diversity in the growth of scientific knowledge
15

Gina summarizes the ideas that led to the current atomic model. 1. Dalton developed the theory that all matter is made of atoms.2. Thomson discovered that atoms contain electrons.3. Rutherford discovered that atoms have a nucleus.4. Schrödinger developed the electron cloud model.5. Bohr developed the model in which electrons orbit the nucleus.Which change should Gina apply to correct the summary?

A
Switch 1 and 5.
B
Switch 2 and 3.
C
Switch 4 and 5.
D
Switch 3 and 1.
16

A biochemist performs an experiment to study the behavior of water molecules near proteins. He concludes that water molecules occur in groups of five in the presence of proteins. Skepticism is important in this scenario because it would help him to

A
learn from the investigations of his colleagues.
B
ask future questions related to the investigation.
C
communicate his results at a conference.
D
ensure that his conclusion is supported by evidence.
17

Which scientists contributed to the determination of how CFCs in clouds in the upper atmosphere could destroy ozone molecules?

A
chemists only
B
meteorologists and chemists
C
astronomers and chemists
D
biologists, chemists, and physicians
18

Knowledge of atomic structure has evolved over time. Thomson discovered that atoms contain electrons, Rutherford discovered that most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in its center, and Bohr discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus. Taken together, what do these discoveries demonstrate?

A
the cumulative nature of science
B
the quantitative nature of science
C
the importance of thorough review of scientific papers
D
the importance of not publishing science until it is final
19

When the first periodic table of the elements was published, the elements were arranged by atomic mass. Although several elements seemed out of order, later discoveries showed the order to be correct. Which event most likely helped the development of the periodic table?

A
Scientists changed the atomic masses to better fit the pattern.
B
Scientists refused to consider other ways to organize the elements.
C
New technology was developed that modified the masses.
D
New information changed the understanding of the atom’s structure.
20

A new drug to combat acne has been developed from a compound that is found in a melon. Which scientists would contribute to the development of the drug?

A
chemists only
B
biologists and chemists
C
biologists, chemists, and physicists
D
biologists, chemists, and physicians

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