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Biological Evidence and the Fossil Record — Unit test Answers

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1
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In rock layers, jellyfish fossils are found lower than trilobite fossils, and trilobite fossils are found lower than ammonite fossils. What can be determined from this information?

A
Trilobites existed before jellyfish and ammonites.
B
Jellyfish existed before trilobites and ammonites.
C
Ammonites existed before trilobites and jellyfish.
D
Jellyfish, trilobites, and ammonites lived together.
2
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The image shows locations of fossils from different geologic periods in Virginia.Which association correctly links the time period with the location of the fossils?

Question illustration
A
Pennsylvanian eastern and western Virginia
Option A
B
Cambrian throughout southern Virginia
Option B
C
Tertiary eastern Virginia
Option C
D
Quaternary eastern and western Virginia
Option D
3

Which statement describes the law of superposition?

A
Sedimentary rocks were originally in horizontal layers.
B
In horizontal rock layers, each layer is younger than the one below it.
C
Rock layers must be in existence before something can happen to them.
D
Rocks that are not in horizontal layers were shifted by some geologic event.
4

Which statement accurately describes a half-life?

A
A rock’s size is determined by half-life.
A
All stable and unstable elements have a half-life.
A
An atom of an element becomes half its original size in a half-life.
A
A half-life is the time required for half of a radioactive element to decay.
5

The image shows sedimentary rock layers.

Question illustration
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
6

Which of these are most likely homologous structures? bat wing dragonfly wing Tyrannosaurus arm

Question illustration
A
bat wing and dragonfly wing
B
bat wing and Tyrannosaurus arm
C
dragonfly wing and Tyrannosaurus arm
D
bat wing, dragonfly wing, and Tyrannosaurus arm
7

Which important event in Earth’s history occurred during the Jurassic period?

T
The first birds emerged on Earth.
M
Mammals were in search of food.
A
Animals with shells emerged on Earth
T
Treelike ferns first began to grow and populate.
8

Which period belongs to the Paleozoic era and not the Cenozoic era?

A
Devonian
B
Neogene
C
Paleogene
D
Quaternary
9

Which characteristic of potassium makes it useful for dating rocks?

A
It has a long half-life.
B
It decays at an unknown rate.
C
It produces lead as it breaks down.
D
It can be used to date all types of rock.
10

What determines the length of a geologic time period?

A
fossil record
B
material density
C
meteors and rocks
D
radioactive materials
11

The diagram illustrates radioactive decay.

Question illustration
A
Structure 1 is an unstable atom that turns into structure 2, a new atom.
B
Structure 1 is a stable element that breaks down into structure 2, an unstable element.
C
Structure 1 is a radioactive element that loses particles to create structure 2, released energy.
D
Structure 1 is a radioactive atom that decays into structure 2, half of the original unstable element.
12

Which statement describes potassium-argon dating?

A
Potassium-40 decays into argon gas over time.
B
Argon breaks down into other elements and compounds.
C
Potassium-40 becomes stable when trapped in rocks.
D
Argon is unstable and will decay into potassium-40 over time.
13

Study the timeline.

Question illustration
A
5 million years
B
200 million years
C
1.5 billion years
D
4.5 billion years
14

Which phrase describes faults?

A
cause gaps in the geologic record
B
cause rocks to break and move
C
are older than surrounding rocks
D
are igneous rocks that form beneath Earth’s surface
15

Which is an example of a trace fossil?

A
animal burrow
B
skin of organism
C
preserved bone
D
petrified wood
16

Fossils provide scientists with evidence that allows them to hypothesize how living organisms have evolved over time. Tiktaalik roseae was a unique organism that has been nicknamed the “fishapod” because it is believed to be a species had traits of both fish and tetrapods, the first four-legged animals.Which evidence would scientist use to make the connection between ancestry of fish and tetrapods using Tiktaalik roseae?

Question illustration
A
using transitional forms
B
using relative dating
C
studying decreasing complexity
D
studying analogous structures
17

Which best explains how scientists confirmed that the moon formed around the same time as Earth?

A
Scientists determined the approximate age of fossils from the moon and Earth.
B
Scientists used radioactive dating to study the age of material from the moon and Earth.
C
Scientists explored the cycle of condensation and evaporation over time on the moon and Earth.
D
Scientists analyzed the content of gases that were part of the atmospheres on the moon and Earth.
18

Why do a chicken embryo and a cow embryo look very similar even though the adults do not?

A
They are not related, but still have similar development.
B
They are distantly related, so their development is similar.
C
The embryos mutate in utero to form different structures.
D
The genetic makeup of the two species changes during development.

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