Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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Changing your toilet can reduce water pollution because _______.

A
the sewage is partially treated in the toilet before entering the sewer system
B
chemicals added by new toilets neutralize the pathogens in the water
C
more efficient plumbing uses more water and creates larger volumes of waste
D
more efficient plumbing uses less water and creates smaller volumes of waste
6

Aquifers are _______.

A
located below the water table
B
important sources of freshwater
C
located in the saturated zone
D
all of the above
7

The defining characteristic of potable water is that it _______.

A
is used as tap water
B
can be used for washing and irrigation
C
can be used and consumed without risk
D
is delivered through pipes
9

Groundwater overdraft occurs when _______.

A
the location of the water table changes due to season
B
aquifers become polluted
C
the rate of use exceeds the rate of replenishment
D
trees are planted
11

Which of the following processes requires separate plumbing?

A
water reclamation
B
desalination
C
greywater use
D
none of the above
12

Which of the following is not a source of groundwater pollution?

A
landfills
B
septic tanks
C
smoke stacks
D
fertilizer
13

Describe the most significant restriction on access to potable water around the world.

Answer:

Around the world the most significant restriction on access to potable water is money. While access to raw water sources, clean or otherwise, is important, the purification process itself is expensive. Once water has been rendered potable, it is important that it be delivered without reintroducing contamination. The most convenient way to deliver potable water is through underground pipes, which requires expensive infrastructure.

14

Which of the following is true about Earth's supplies of freshwater?

A
Most liquid freshwater is stored in rivers and lakes.
B
Groundwater is a significant reservoir of liquid freshwater.
C
Liquid freshwater is about half of all the water on Earth.
D
None of the above.
26

Explain the relationship between overpopulation and diminishing water supplies.

Answer:

As human populations grow they consume more water, not just by drinking, but through all of the other human activities that require freshwater such as agriculture, bathing, cleaning, etc. Overpopulation, therefore, can lead to overconsumption as populations use more water than an area can support and replenish sustainably.

30

Explain why reducing surface runoff is the most general way to reduce water pollution.

Answer:

Surface runoff includes a long list of nonpoint sources of pollution related to human activity. It occurs when water carries harmful substances into the environment. If this runoff can be prevented on a broadly-based scale, then it has the potential to significantly reduce water pollution.

31

Groundwater overdraft occurs when _______.

A
the location of the water table changes due to season
B
aquifers become polluted
C
the rate of use exceeds the rate of replenishment
D
trees are planted
32

Which of the following is the most serious effect of water pollution for humans?

A
infectious diseases
B
algal blooms
C
toxic food chain effects
D
low-oxygen water
33

Aquifers are _______.

A
located below the water table
B
important sources of freshwater
C
located in the saturated zone
D
all of the above

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