The first African American regiment to fight for the Union army in the Civil War was the __________.

The 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry was the first African American regiment to engage in combat for the Union during the Civil War, at the Battle of Island Mound in 1862. The Massachusetts 54th Regiment became famous later, especially for its assault on Fort Wagner, but it was not the first to fight. The correct choice is the Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry Regiment.

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