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Latin America after Independence — Unit test Answers

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Which statements accurately describe José de San Martín, a powerful criollo leader? Select four options.José de San Martín led Argentine rebels against the Spanish colonial government.José de San Martín supported the Spanish colonial government against Argentine rebels.José de San Martín seized control of the army from Bolivar.José de San Martín gave control of the army to Bolivar.José de San Martín led an army over the Andes mountains to Chile.José de San Martín served in the army during the Napoleonic Wars.

A
José de San Martín led Argentine rebels against the Spanish colonial government.
B
José de San Martín supported the Spanish colonial government against Argentine rebels.
C
José de San Martín seized control of the army from Bolivar.
D
José de San Martín gave control of the army to Bolivar.
E
José de San Martín led an army over the Andes mountains to Chile.
F
José de San Martín served in the army during the Napoleonic Wars.
2
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While Latin American countries had many different ideas about government, those that wanted a liberal government preferred

A
strong regional rule.
B
strong centralized government.
C
authoritarian rule.
D
maintaining class structures.
4

What did Prince Klemens von Metternich believe about France?

A
that France was the center of European government
B
that what took place in France was unique and confusing
C
that the French held great influence over Europe
D
that revolutionaries in France should be ignored
5

The turmoil of the late 1790s led many French people to call for

A
a Congress much like the one in the United States.
B
a military alliance with Great Britain.
C
higher taxes to fund the military.
D
a return of the French monarchy.
6

What is the best definition of nationalism?

A
concern for a nation above concern for individuals who live there
B
belief that one’s nation should be more powerful than any other nation
C
desire by a group with a shared background to form their own nation
D
faith in the power of nations to join together and form a united front
7

What did Prince Klemens von Metternich most likely mean when he wrote that a “revolutionary spirit could . . . easily hide itself under the veil of patriotism”?

A
Patriots wanted to give protection to revolutionaries.
B
Revolutionaries wanted to be viewed as patriots.
C
Patriots were plotting to overthrow their government.
D
Revolutionaries were trying to hide their true intentions.
8

Read the excerpt from an 1852 speech by Italian statesman Giuseppe Mazzini on Lombardy, a region of Italy that was ruled by Austria at the time.[Lombardy] struggled, they still struggle . . . for country and liberty; . . . They speak the same language, they bear about them the impress of consanguinity [common ancestors], they kneel beside the same tombs, they glory in the same tradition; and they demand to associate freely, without obstacles, without foreign domination –Giuseppe Mazzini, On Nationality, 1852

A
Lombardy had some of the common bonds required of an independent nation-state, but not enough.
B
Lombardy should not struggle for independence because it had strong bonds with Austria.
C
Lombardy should be an independent nation-state because it had a strong national identity.
D
Lombardy should not be kept from enjoying personal independence because of Austria’s actions.
9

Which Mexican leader tried to introduce stability through liberal reforms?

A
Benito Juarez
B
Porfirio Diaz
C
Francisco Madero
D
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
10

In 1799, Napoleon overthrew the Directory and had himself named First Consul. Which statement explains how he was able to do that?

A
His promise to sign peace treaties with all of France’s enemies appealed to a war-weary public.
B
His alliance with Great Britain gave him power among the traditional sectors of French society.
C
His victories on the battlefield made him appealing to people looking for a strong leader to head the country.
D
His promise to do away with all taxes made him popular with the poor and destitute in France.
11

What was the main political challenge Mexico faced after independence?

A
Conservatives and liberals had opposing views of government.
B
Dictatorships left citizens with no say in government decisions.
C
Weak confederations led to constant battles between territories.
D
The president’s death left the country leaderless and vulnerable.
12

While Latin American countries had many different ideas about government, those that wanted a liberal government preferred

A
strong regional rule.
B
strong centralized government.
C
authoritarian rule.
D
maintaining class structures.
13

Which statements accurately describe José de San Martín, a powerful criollo leader? Select four options.José de San Martín led Argentine rebels against the Spanish colonial government.José de San Martín supported the Spanish colonial government against Argentine rebels.José de San Martín seized control of the army from Bolivar.José de San Martín gave control of the army to Bolivar.José de San Martín led an army over the Andes mountains to Chile.José de San Martín served in the army during the Napoleonic Wars.

A
José de San Martín led Argentine rebels against the Spanish colonial government.
B
José de San Martín supported the Spanish colonial government against Argentine rebels.
C
José de San Martín seized control of the army from Bolivar.
D
José de San Martín gave control of the army to Bolivar.
E
José de San Martín led an army over the Andes mountains to Chile.
F
José de San Martín served in the army during the Napoleonic Wars.
14

Tyranny was used to exert control over citizens in Latin America, with the hope of ending instability. It often resulted in

A
increased stability.
B
dictatorships.
C
rebellion.
D
liberal reforms.
15

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16

8. Every Frenchman shall enjoy civil rights.213. The husband owes protection to his wife, the wife obedience to her husband.1421. The husband alone administers the property of the community. He may sell it, alienate and pledge it without the concurrence [agreement] of his wife.

A
The Napoleonic Code gave men and women equality under the law.
B
The Napoleonic Code took away civil rights in France.
C
The Napoleonic Code denied rights to almost all citizens of France.
D
The Napoleonic Code gave husbands greater freedom than wives.
17

In the Battle of 1812, France fought

A
Spain
B
England
C
Austria
D
Russia
18

Why did Otto von Bismarck believe a war with France would help unify Germany?

A
He thought that Germany’s close relationship with France was a threat to German unity.
B
He wanted France to give up Prussia and other lands that rightfully belonged to Germany.
C
He hoped that the war would encourage German people to stop adopting French customs.
D
He believed that a war would give the people of Germany a strong sense of nationalist pride.
19

Why did most revolutions end by 1850?

A
People stopped supporting war and conflict.
B
Monarchs killed all of the revolutionaries.
C
Revolutionaries succeeded in enacting change.
D
Countries decided to return land to original owners.
20

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