AnswersGA-GSE Physical Science AMetalloids

Metalloids — Unit test Answers

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1
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What is an atomic nucleus?

A
the outer part of an atom in which electrons move
B
the outer part of an atom in which neutrons move
C
the central part of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons
D
the central part of an atom, composed of protons and electrons
2
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Rutherford used positively charged particles to investigate the structure of the atom. The results surprised him, and he developed the atomic model shown below.

Question illustration
A
A few positive particles bounced back because they bounced off of the net formed by the ovals.
A
A few positive particles bounced back because they were pushed away from the positive center.
M
Most positive particles passed through because of the empty space between the outer edge and the center.
M
Most positive particles passed through because they were attracted by the small particles moving around the center.
3

Calcium, magnesium, and strontium are near each other on the periodic table and have some characteristics in common, but they differ in chemical reactivity. Which lists these metals in order from most reactive to least reactive?

A
calcium, magnesium, strontium
B
magnesium, calcium, strontium
C
strontium, calcium, magnesium
D
strontium, magnesium, calcium
4

Which statement describes the location of most metalloids on the periodic table?

A
The metalloids are located below metals and above nonmetals within a group.
B
The metalloids are located below nonmetals and above metals within a group.
C
The metalloids are located to the right of nonmetals and to the right of metals within a period.
D
The metalloids are located to the left of nonmetals and to the left of metals within a period.
5

This is how manganese appears in the periodic table.

Question illustration
A
period symbol of manganese
B
isotope symbol of manganese
C
group symbol of manganese
D
chemical symbol of manganese
6

Particle A has very little mass in comparison to Particle B. Both particles are in the same atom. Which is the best conclusion about Particles A and B?

A
They have the same charge.
B
They are located in the nucleus together.
C
Particle A has a positive charge, and Particle B is neutral.
D
Particle A orbits the nucleus, and Particle B is located in the nucleus.
7

While looking at bromine (Br) on the periodic table, a student needs to find another element with very similar chemical properties but with a different atomic mass. Which best describes the student’s options?

A
There are two possible elements, and they are directly to the left and right of bromine.
B
There are two possible elements, and they are directly above and below bromine.
C
There are many possible elements, and they are all in the same vertical column as bromine.
D
There are many possible elements, and they are all in the same horizontal row as bromine.
8

Sonya is studying a nonmetal element. She learns that the element is like other elements in its group because it can bond to form a salt or an acid. She also learns that the element is the most reactive element in its group. Which element is Sonya most likely studying?

A
sulfur (S)
B
neon (Ne)
C
fluorine (F)
D
iodine (I)
10

What best describes the states of nonmetals when they are at room temperature?

A
Most nonmetals are gaseous, but some are liquid or solid.
B
All nonmetals are gaseous unless they bond with a metal.
C
Most nonmetals are solids, but some are gaseous or liquid.
D
All nonmetals are solid unless they bond with a metal.
11

The atomic number of beryllium (Be) is 4, and the atomic number of barium (Ba) is 56. Which comparison is best supported by this information?

A
They are in the same group because they have similar atomic masses, but they are in different periods because they have different chemical properties.
B
They are in the same group because they have similar chemical properties, but they are in different periods because they have very different atomic numbers.
C
They are in the same group because their atomic numbers are each multiples of four, but they are in different periods because they have different chemical properties.
D
They are in the same group because they have similar atomic masses, but they are in different periods because they have very different atomic numbers.
12

Where are alkaline earth metals found on the periodic table?

A
Group 1
B
Group 2
C
Groups 3–12
D
Group 17
13

Who was the first chemist to organize elements by atomic number?

A
Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
B
Antoine Lavoisier
C
Henry Moseley
D
John Newlands
14

Which scientist believed that the probable, not exact, location of the electrons of an atom can be determined by using mathematics?

R
Rutherford
B
Bohr
D
Dalton
S
Schrödinger
15

Which important change in electronic devices, such as televisions and computers, is a result of the use of metalloids as semiconductors?

A
Electronic devices have become smaller.
B
Electronic devices are now more brittle.
C
Electronic devices now use more energy.
D
Electronic devices have become more expensive.
16

How does Rutherford’s model of the atom compare with Thomson’s model?

A
They both describe atoms as small, indivisible spheres.
B
They both describe electrons as moving around the nucleus.
C
They both describe electrons as being surrounded by the positive matter.
D
They both describe atoms as being made up of positive and negative matter.
17

How does Rutherford’s model of the atom compare with Thomson’s model?

A
They both describe atoms as small, indivisible spheres.
B
They both describe electrons as moving around the nucleus.
C
They both describe electrons as being surrounded by the positive matter.
D
They both describe atoms as being made up of positive and negative matter.
18

Scientists have changed the model of the atom as they have gathered new evidence. One of the atomic models is shown below.

Question illustration
A
A few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back off of the thin metallic foil.
B
Experiments with water vapor showed that elements combine in specific proportions.
C
Equations were used to identify regions around the nucleus where electrons would likely be.
D
Cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.
19

Isra is analyzing the properties of several samples of elements to find out which sample is a metalloid. Which set of properties most likely belongs only to a metalloid?

A
forms basic compounds and is a solid
B
has a high luster and is very brittle
C
is a gas and has low electrical conductivity
D
is brittle and forms acidic compounds
20

Atoms of arsenic (As) are often added to silicon (Si) in a process called doping to change the conductivity of the silicon. How does the addition of arsenic change the conductivity of silicon?

A
An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom gains an electron.
B
An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.
C
An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and fewer electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom gains an electron.
D
An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.
21

Atoms of arsenic (As) are often added to silicon (Si) in a process called doping to change the conductivity of the silicon. How does the addition of arsenic change the conductivity of silicon?

A
An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom gains an electron.
B
An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.
C
An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and fewer electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom gains an electron.
D
An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.

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