Age of Reform — Unit test Answers

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1
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Which statement best describes the social and political costs of building a large courthouse instead of a small one?

A
Building a large courthouse may cost more, and judicial officials will be displeased by the delay.
B
Building a large courthouse may cost more, and voters will be upset by having to pay higher taxes.
C
Building a large courthouse may take longer, and voters could become dissatisfied.
D
Building a large courthouse may take longer, but voters will respect the attempt to create a better building.
2
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During the early part of the Industrial Revolution, factory managers were

A
often strict but generally fair to workers.
B
always hard working and uncomplaining.
C
frequently untrained and undisciplined.
D
generally harsh and abusive to workers.
3

Most socialists believe that the best way to improve society is to

A
outlaw political parties and ban elections.
B
allow businesses and individuals to follow their own best interests.
C
insist that the government protects the interests of workers and consumers.
D
allow businesses to follow the principles of cooperation and sharing.
4

Utopianism is best defined as

A
a form of socialism based on sharing.
B
a form of capitalism based on cooperation.
C
a type of monarchy where kings and queens are elected.
D
a type of dictatorship where all decisions are made by committee.
5

Wealth brings with it its own checks and balances. The basis of political economy is non-interference. The only safe rule is found in the self-adjusting meter of demand and supply. Do not legislate. . . . make equal laws: secure life and property, and you need not give charity. Open the doors of opportunity to talent and virtue, and they will do themselves justice, and property will not be in bad hands. In a free and just commonwealth, property rushes from the idle [lazy] and brainless, to the industrious, brave, and persevering.

A
Greater competition will benefit the consumer.
B
Private ownership is the basis for success.
C
Government should not play a role in the free market.
D
Only industrious people should have access to capital.
6

Which is the best example of a political effect?

A
Students become angry because a specific event was not approved by the school board.
B
A popular decision is made, which helps the school board president get reelected.
C
Customers decide to stop shopping at a specific store because the quality of the product has changed.
D
A controversial tax decision was postponed until the end of the year, specifically to avoid mid-year tax changes.
7

Which social effect may result from adding healthier options to a school lunch program?

A
angering school leaders who will have to pay more for the program
B
angering students because of the loss of familiar choices
C
helping the school board president’s chances of being reelected
D
hurting the school board president’s chances of being reelected
8

Events following the Civil War resulted in

A
the slowing of industrial progress.
B
the devastation of natural resources.
C
the US Industrial Revolution.
D
the Second Industrial Revolution.
9

In a free market, the price of goods is set by

A
government officials.
B
the consumer.
C
the producer.
D
workers and owners.
10

The single greatest benefit that capitalism provides is that it enables human choice. Capitalism establishes a social contract that makes it possible for individuals to exercise their franchise and free agency. It gives people the ability to be secure in themselves and their possessions and, having provided security, it enables people to assume risk that they were previously unwilling to assume. It creates the necessary conditions for people to escape poverty and create wealth for themselves and for others.

A
allows the government to help individuals.
B
protects workers from unfair practices.
C
provides individuals with freedom of choice.
D
helps entrepreneurs avoid risk and danger.
11

A reason that many city workers lived in unhealthy conditions was

A
there was no garbage collection or sewage service.
B
people from rural areas introduced new diseases.
C
landlords were not allowed to improve their buildings.
D
people often did not clean up after themselves.
12

The first step in understanding the costs and benefits of a decision is

A
identifying possible outcomes.
B
determining all costs and benefits.
C
identifying possible benefits.
D
calculating the costs of all options.
14

As a result of industrialization in the 1880s, there was rapid growth in Britain’s first industrialized city of

A
London.
B
Leeds.
C
Manchester.
D
Birmingham.
15

Because of low wages and overcrowding, many immigrants lived in tenements or cheap apartments that were

A
constantly being fixed and brought up to standard by landlords.
B
constructed without building, fire, or safety codes in place.
C
slowly improving because of help from the city government.
D
quickly improving because of the passage of new state laws.

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