AnswersAZ-Earth and Space Science AThe Earth-Sun-Moon System

The Earth-Sun-Moon System — Unit test Answers

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1
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What was discovered in 1965 and is believed to be leftover thermal energy from the big bang?

A
red shift
B
the Eagle Nebula
C
the Doppler effect
D
background radiation
2
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What is the correct order of star colors from hottest to coolest?

A
white, yellow, red, blue
B
yellow, orange, white, red
C
red, orange, yellow, blue-white
D
blue, white, yellow-white, orange
3

Which planet is small, with a rocky surface and an atmosphere?

A
Jupiter
B
Neptune
C
Uranus
D
Venus
4

Which remains the same as the distance of an object from Earth changes?

A
size of the force
B
strength of gravity
C
mass of the object
D
weight of the object
5

What force acts between Earth and the moon?

A
gravity
B
mass
C
motion
D
newtons
6

In which direction does Earth rotate?

A
eastward around its axis
B
in an ellipse around the Sun
C
counterclockwise around the Sun
D
from north to south around its axis
7

Which term defines a star system with two stars?

A
binary star system
B
eclipse star system
C
open cluster star system
D
globular cluster star system
8

Which is a factor that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?

A
the orbital path of the moon
B
the gravitational pull of the Sun
C
the continuous motion of the universe
D
Earth’s changing speed and direction
9

Which is one physical property that all stars have?

A
They are made of gases.
B
They shine very brightly.
C
They have a triangle shape.
D
They contain iron in their cores.
10

Which causes objects in the universe to resist a change in speed or direction?

A
gravity
B
inertia
C
motion
D
orbit
11

Observable matter makes up about what percentage of the universe?

A
5%
B
10%
C
50%
D
95%
12

If astronomers discovered a new inner planet in the solar system, which characteristic would it most likely have?

A
large size
B
gaseous composition
C
many moons
D
fast revolution
13

Why did scientists struggle for thousands of years to accurately describe the solar system?

A
Venus has phases like the moon.
B
Many people spoke Italian and did not understand Latin.
C
The planets appeared to move backward in the sky occasionally.
D
Scientists could not explain why the Sun appeared to rise and set every day.
14

What term describes the moon’s path around Earth?

A
eclipse
B
phase
C
revolution
D
rotation
15

Solar winds have an influence all the way to about 160 AU from the Sun. About how many kilometers is that?

A
24,000,000,000 km
B
48,000,000,000 km
C
240,000,000,000 km
D
480,000,000,000 km
16

Which is the final event that occurs when a star is forming?

A
The outer layer of the star expands.
B
Gravity pulls gas and dust together.
C
A black hole forms as the core collapses.
D
Nuclear fusion begins under high pressure.
17

Which quantity does a light-year measure?

A
distance
B
speed
C
time
D
volume
18

The sudden eruptions of energy from a small area of the Sun’s surface are known as

A
solar flares.
B
sunspots.
C
prominences.
D
solar winds.
19

Which is a type of star system?

A
dim stars
B
solar system planets
C
wobbling stars
D
globular clusters
20

What occurs when Earth’s shadow covers the moon?

A
neap tide
B
spring tide
C
solar eclipse
D
lunar eclipse

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