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Cycles of Matter — Unit test Answers

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Which are abiotic factors as well as basic needs that living things compete for?

A
bacteria and water
B
fungi and bacteria
C
pollen and sunlight
D
sunlight and water
2
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Which period belongs to the Paleozoic era and not the Cenozoic era?

A
Devonian
B
Neogene
C
Paleogene
D
Quaternary
3

Which phrase describes a population?

A
a group of different communities in an area
B
organisms of the same species living in an area
C
nonliving things that interact with living things in a region
D
organisms that belong to the same community within a region
4

Which statement accurately describes a half-life?

A
A rock’s size is determined by half-life.
B
All stable and unstable elements have a half-life.
C
An atom of an element becomes half its original size in a half-life.
D
A half-life is the time required for half of a radioactive element to decay.
5

The diagram illustrates the water cycle.

Question illustration
A
U
B
W
C
X
D
Y
6

Which landform is part of the cryosphere?

A
glacier
B
lake
C
ocean
D
river
7

Which best explains how scientists confirmed that the moon formed around the same time as Earth?

A
Scientists determined the approximate age of fossils from the moon and Earth.
B
Scientists used radioactive dating to study the age of material from the moon and Earth.
C
Scientists explored the cycle of condensation and evaporation over time on the moon and Earth.
D
Scientists analyzed the content of gases that were part of the atmospheres on the moon and Earth.
8

Which statement describes competition within a population?

A
Several killer whales migrate to a new location.
B
Two male sea horses fight to win over a female.
C
Several elk travel together to find and share water.
D
Different kinds of garden plants take in water from the soil.
9

Which organisms release carbon dioxide as waste?

A
consumers only
B
consumers and decomposers
C
producers and decomposers
D
producers only
10

Which method preserves an image of a leaf?

A
The leaf turns into rock over time.
B
Tree sap flows over the leaf and preserves it.
C
Sediment covers the leaf and leaves an imprint on the rock.
D
As the leaf decomposes, carbon from the leaf is left on the rock.
11

Which statement describes abiotic factors in an environment?

A
Chickens run around a farm.
B
Soil retains water and nutrients.
C
Bacteria use energy to reproduce.
D
Plants compete for sunlight in an ecosystem.
12

The image shows locations of fossils from different geologic periods in Virginia.Which association correctly links the time period with the location of the fossils?

Question illustration
A
Pennsylvanian eastern and western Virginia
Option A
B
Cambrian throughout southern Virginia
Option B
C
Tertiary eastern Virginia
Option C
D
Quaternary eastern and western Virginia
Option D
13

Which is an example of a trace fossil?

A
animal burrow
B
skin of organism
C
preserved bone
D
petrified wood
14

Sydney drew a flow chart to illustrate the nitrogen cycle.

Question illustration
A
X: Producers undergo photosynthesis.Y: Nitrogen compounds are released into the air.
B
X: Nitrogen compounds are released into the air.Y: Producers undergo photosynthesis.
C
X: Free nitrogen is in the atmosphere.Y: Producers absorb nitrogen compounds through their roots.
D
X: Producers absorb nitrogen compounds through their roots.Y: Free nitrogen is in the atmosphere.
15

Which best explains why a thick tropical forest filled with large plants typically has a lot of water vapor in the air?

A
The plants undergo transpiration.
B
The plants undergo condensation.
C
The plants prevent water from evaporating.
D
The plants prevent water from becoming runoff.
16

Study the timeline.

Question illustration
A
5 million years
B
200 million years
C
1.5 billion years
D
4.5 billion years
17

The diagram illustrates radioactive decay.

Question illustration
A
Structure 1 is an unstable atom that turns into structure 2, a new atom.
B
Structure 1 is a stable element that breaks down into structure 2, an unstable element.
C
Structure 1 is a radioactive element that loses particles to create structure 2, released energy.
D
Structure 1 is a radioactive atom that decays into structure 2, half of the original unstable element.

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