AnswersFoothill-B Period-Chemistry-2627BNuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion — Unit test Answers

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Which best describes nuclear fusion?

A
A nucleus spontaneously splits and absorbs energy.
B
Two nuclei spontaneously combine and absorb energy.
C
A nucleus collides with a neutron and splits, releasing energy.
D
Nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
2
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After a radioactive atom decays, it is the same element that it was before with no measurable change in mass. Which kind of decay has occurred, and how do you know?

A
alpha decay because alpha particles have no mass
B
beta decay because this kind of decay cannot change one element into another
C
alpha decay because it creates a new isotope of the same element
D
gamma decay because photons have no mass
3

A radioactive nuclide that is used for radiation therapy for cancer has 33 neutrons and a mass number of 60. Which is the correct symbol for this nuclide?

A
Superscript 27 subscript 60 upper C o.
Option A
B
Superscript 33 subscript 60 upper C o.
Option B
C
Superscript 60 subscript 33 upper C o.
Option C
D
Superscript 60 subscript 27 upper C o.
Option D
4

Which particles that make up an atom are involved in nuclear reactions?

A
protons only
B
protons and neutrons
C
electrons only
D
electrons and neutrons
5

Which best describes what forms in nuclear fission?

A
two smaller, more stable nuclei
B
two larger, less stable nuclei
C
one smaller, less stable nucleus
D
one larger, more stable nucleus
6

Which type of reaction does this diagram represent?

Question illustration
A
a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fission
B
a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fusion
C
a decrease in energy that is caused by nuclear fission
D
an increase in energy that is caused by nuclear fusion
7

Consider the three equations below.Which statement do these reactions best support?

Question illustration
A
Beta decay occurs only in certain atoms.
B
Alpha decay occurs only in certain atoms.
C
Chain reactions play important roles in the process of nuclear fission.
D
Nuclear fusion plays an important role in making elements that are heavier than helium.
8

A sample contains 25% parent isotope and 75% daughter isotopes. If the half-life of the parent isotope is 72 years, how old is the sample?

A
144 years old
B
216 years old
C
288 years old
D
360 years old
9

If an unshielded sample of radioactive material emits alpha particles, what effect will it have on a person sitting in the next room? (Assume the wall between rooms is composed of concrete.)

A
None, because the wall will block the radiation.
B
The radiation will travel through the person’s body.
C
None, because the radiation will bounce off the person’s body.
D
The radiation will be totally absorbed by the person’s body.
10

What occurs during one half-life?

A
Half of a daughter isotope undergoes radioactive decay to form a parent isotope.
B
Half of a parent isotope undergoes radioactive decay to form a daughter isotope.
C
All of a daughter isotope undergoes radioactive decay to form a parent isotope.
D
All of a parent isotope undergoes radioactive decay to form a daughter isotope.
11

Potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.277 109 years. After 1.022 1010 years, how much potassium-40 will remain from a 500.3-g sample?

Question illustration
A
approximately 1.95 g
B
approximately 3.91 g
C
approximately 62.54 g
D
approximately 71.47 g
12

A large atom decays and emits a particle. After the reaction is complete, the atom’s mass has changed substantially. What kind of particle has most likely been emitted?

A
alpha particle
B
beta particle
C
positron
D
photon
13

Which statement about the half-life of a radioactive sample is true?

A
It is an exact measure of the decay of an individual atom.
B
It measures the tendency of a radioisotope to decay radioactively.
C
It is affected by the concentration of the radioactive substance that is present.
D
It can be calculated based on neutron number.
14

Which represents the balanced nuclear equation for the beta plus decay of C-11?

A
Superscript 11 subscript 6 upper C right arrow superscript 11 subscript 5 upper B plus superscript 0 subscript plus 1 e.
Option A
B
Superscript 11 subscript 6 upper C right arrow superscript 11 subscript 7 upper N plus superscript 0 subscript plus 1 e.
Option B
C
Superscript 11 subscript 6 upper C right arrow superscript 11 subscript 7 upper N plus superscript 0 subscript negative 1 e.
Option C
D
Superscript 11 subscript 6 upper C right arrow superscript 11 subscript 5 upper B plus superscript 0 subscript negative 1 e.
Option D
15

The alpha decay of a radioactive nuclide (X) emits a He-4 nucleus and produces an isotope of . What is X?

Question illustration
A
Superscript 235 subscript 91 upper P a.
Option A
B
Superscript 235 subscript 93 upper N p.
Option B
C
Superscript 236 subscript 92 upper U.
Option C
D
Superscript 239 subscript 94 upper P u.
Option D

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