Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select two options.
Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice” by Julia Alvarez.When the novel came out, I decided to go ahead and risk her anger. I inscribed a copy to both Mami and Papi with a note: "Thank you for having instilled in me through your sufferings a desire for freedom and justice." I mailed the package and—what I seldom do except in those moments when I need all the help I can get—I made the sign of the cross as I exited the post office. Days later, my mother called me up to tell me she had just finished the novel. "You put me back in those days. It was like I was reliving it all," she said sobbing. "I don't care what happens to us! I'm so proud of you for writing this book."I stood in my kitchen in Vermont, stunned, relishing her praise and listening to her cry. It was one of the few times since l had learned to talk that I did not try to answer my mother back. If there is such a thing as genetic justice that courses through the generations and finally manifests itself full-blown in a family moment, there it was.
Read the excerpt from Justice Sotomayor's speech "A Latina Judge's Voice."For me, a very special part of my being Latina is the mucho platos de arroz, gandules y pernir—rice, beans and pork—that I have eaten at countless family holidays and special events. My Latina identity also includes, because of my particularly adventurous taste buds, morcilla, pig intestines; patitas de cerdo con garbanzo, pigs' feet with beans; and Ia lengua y orejas de cuchifrito, pigs' tongue and ears. I bet the Mexican-Americans in this room are thinking that Puerto Ricans have unusual food tastes. Some of us, like me, do.
Read the sentence.Gregor watched, assessing how Sasha reacted to his news.Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning?
Read Ahmad's argument in favor of changing the minimum driving age from 16 to 15.Every year, millions of teenagers look forward to the freedom of earning their driver's license. It has been proven over time that teenagers are fully responsible by the time they are 15, and making teens wait until they are 16 to obtain a driver's license is wrong. Many teenagers play sports, work jobs, and have an active social life when they are 15. It would be beneficial to the functioning of society if these people were able to independently drive themselves around. Parents agree, too. Most people believe that the streets would be safer if the minimum driving age were reduced to 15.
Read the excerpt from Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington.The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremest folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing. No race that has anything to contribute to the markets of the world is long in any degree ostracized. It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercises of these privileges. The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now is worth infinitely more than the opportunity to spend a dollar in an opera-house.Read the excerpt from The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois. In answer to this, it has been claimed that the [Black man] can survive only through submission. Mr. Washington distinctly asks that black people give up, at least for the present, three things,—First, political power,Second, insistence on civil rights,Third, higher education of [Black youth],—and concentrate all their energies on industrial education, and accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the South. This policy has been courageously and insistently advocated for over fifteen years, and has been triumphant for perhaps ten years. As a result of this tender of the palm-branch, what has been the return? In these years there have occurred:1. The disfranchisement of the [Black man].
What is a claim in an argument?
Read the example.A phone rang in the concert hall the orchestra stopped playing.What common sentence-construction error does this show?
Read the sentence.Because the high winds are blowing, the fire may spread rapidly, and we have been ordered to evacuate.What type of sentence is this?
Read the sentence.Sami especially enjoyed the brownies, which were chewy, chocolatey, and jam-packed with crunchy walnuts.Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning?
Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor.Let us not forget that wise men like Oliver Wendell Holmes and Justice Cardozo voted on cases which upheld both sex and race discrimination in our society. Until 1972, no Supreme Court case ever upheld the claim of a woman in a gender discrimination case. I, like Professor Carter, believe that we should not be so myopic as to believe that others of different experiences or backgrounds are incapable of understanding the values and needs of people from a different group. Many are so capable. As Judge Cedarbaum pointed out to me, nine white men on the Supreme Court in the past have done so on many occasions and on many issues, including Brown.However, to understand takes time and effort, something that not all people are willing to give. For others, their experiences limit their ability to understand the experiences of others. Others simply do not care. Hence, one must accept the proposition that a difference there will be by the presence of women and people of color on the bench. Personal experiences affect the facts that judges choose to see. My hope is that I will take the good from my experiences and extrapolate them further into areas with which I am unfamiliar. I simply do not know exactly what that difference will be in my judging. But I accept there will be some based on my gender and my Latina heritage.
Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice” by Julia Alvarez.My mother must have been intrigued. She knew nothing of the horrid crimes of the dictatorship, for her parents were afraid to say anything—even to their own children—against the regime. So, as a young girl, my mother must have thought of El Jefe as a kind of movie star. She must have wanted to meet the great man.
Read the excerpt from Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington. Not only this, but the opportunity here afforded will awaken among us a new era of industrial progress. Ignorant and inexperienced, it is not strange that in the first years of our new life we began at the top instead of at the bottom; that a seat in Congress or the state legislature was more sought than real estate or industrial skill; that the political convention or stump speaking had more attractions than starting a dairy farm or truck garden. . . . I would say: "Cast down your bucket where you are”—cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in the professions.Read the excerpt from The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois. The question then comes: Is it possible, and probable, that nine millions of men can make effective progress in economic lines if they are deprived of political rights, made a servile caste, and allowed only the most meagre chance for developing their exceptional men? If history and reason give any distinct answer to these questions, it is an emphatic No.
Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor.First, as Professor Martha Minnow has noted, there can never be a universal definition of wise. Second, I would hope that a wise Latina woman with the richness of her experiences would more often than not reach a better conclusion than a white male who hasn't lived that life.
Read the two excerpts."Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre’” by Mark Memmott:Seventy-five years ago, thousands of Haitians were murdered in the Dominican Republic by a brutal dictator. It was one of the 20th Century's least-remembered acts of genocide.As many as 20,000 people are thought to have been killed on orders given by Rafael Trujillo. But the "parsley massacre" went mostly unnoticed outside Hispaniola. Even there, many Dominicans never knew about what happened in early October 1937. They were kept in the dark by Trujillo's henchmen."A Genetics of Justice” by Julia Alvarez:During my early teen years in this country, I knew very little about what was actually going on in the Dominican Republic. Whenever Ia situación on the island came up, my parents spoke in hushed voices. In December 1960, four months after our arrival, Time magazine reported the murder of the three Mirabal sisters, who along with their husbands had started the national underground Dominican Republic. My parents confiscated the magazine. To our many questions about what was going on, my mother always had the ready answer, "En boca cerrada no entran moscas." No flies fly into a closed mouth. Later, I found out that this very saying had been scratched on the lintel of the entrance of the SIM's torture center at La Cuarenta.
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