Consisting of an electric coil on a small paddle held over an area of the brain, __________ deactivates areas of the brain, allowing scientists to learn their function.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses a coil held near the head to generate magnetic pulses that temporarily disrupt activity in a targeted brain area. Scientists can observe how this disruption affects behavior to learn what that area does. An fMRI and a CT scan image the brain, while ESB directly applies electrical stimulation.

AI-written and checked against the verified answer.