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Question 4 • AP US Government and Politics

Which of the following statements illustrates the impact of the reform era (1900–1920) on US political parties?

Answer

Reforms strengthened the ability of political parties to hold officeholders accountable.

Reforms limited the power of political parties by reducing the number of government positions they controlled.

Reforms led parties to reduce the influence of party bosses by using nominating conventions to choose their candidates.

Reforms led political parties to reduce voter requirements, making it easier for people to participate in elections.

Explanation

Progressive Era reforms weakened party organizations and political machines. Civil-service reforms replaced some patronage jobs—government positions handed out for political support—with merit-based hiring, reducing the number of positions parties could control. Direct primaries also weakened party bosses, rather than strengthening nominating conventions as choice C suggests.

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