AnswersPA Human Anatomy Physiology A 2026-2027 SMITH ICScientific Inquiry

Scientific Inquiry — Unit test Answers

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Primary productivity is not limited by _______.

A
the availability of sunlight
B
time
C
the availability of nutrients
D
access to water
2
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Which question would be asked in a dichotomous key?

A
How long are the insect’s antennae?
B
Are the insect’s antennae longer than its head?
C
Are the insect’s antennae long or short?
D
How does the insect use its antennae?
3

What is a possible cause for a decrease in ecosystem productivity?

A
an increase in the biodiversity of the ecosystem
B
a decrease of the biodiversity of an ecosystem
C
the biodiversity of an ecosystem experiencing no change
D
an ecosystem becoming more stable
4

Which of the following is true concerning the balance between the solar energy absorbed and radiated by Earth?

A
Earth’s atmosphere absorbs a larger fraction of total solar energy than it radiates.
B
More than 90% of the solar energy that strikes Earth is absorbed.
C
Earth’s surface is responsible for absorbing a larger fraction of energy than it radiates.
D
None of the above.
5

Less than 0.1% of the energy in a food chain generally makes it from the sun to quaternary consumers.

A
T
B
F
6

Use this portion of a dichotomous key for tree identification to answer the question.1a. Needlelike leaf ® Step 101b. Broad leaf ® Step 22a. Compound leaf ® Step 32b. Simple leaf ® Step 73a. Leaves attached at single point ® Buckeye3b. Leaves attached at many points ® Step 44a. Leaf bases attached opposite each other on branch ® Ash4b. Leaf bases attached staggered on branch ® Step 5What are the characteristics of a buckeye leaf?

A
needlelike simple leaves attached opposite each other on the branch
B
broad simple leaves attached at single points on the branch
C
broad compound leaves attached at single points on the branch
D
needlelike compound leaves attached staggered on the branch
7

Which of the following is the best explanation for why finches on one of the islands in the Galapagos have large beaks while finches on another island have small beaks?

A
Over time, the finches on the island adapted as a result of competition for resources.
B
Finches migrated until they found finches with similar beak sizes.
C
Finches spontaneously changed their beak size in order to better access food supplies.
D
Finches with large beaks are always better adapted to their environment. Finches with small beaks only survive on islands where there were never finches with larger beaks.
8

Similarities between seemingly unrelated organisms can be explained by Darwin’s theory that organisms come from common ancestors.

A
T
B
F
9

Consider the following food chain:Garden plants are eaten by snails, which are eaten by birds, which are eaten by the household cat.

A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
10

For the following organisms, choose the correct order of increasing trophic level.

A
fungi, deer, wolf and grass
B
fungi, grass, wolf and deer
C
grass, deer, wolf and fungi
D
grass, fungi, wolf and deer
11

Which of the following is not an example of energy transformations in an ecosystem?

A
sunlight driving photosynthesis in plants
B
herbivores feeding on plants
C
predators feeding on herbivores
D
none of the above
12

Refer to this portion of a dichotomous key to answer the question.1. (a) Has a single dorsal fin ® 5 (b) Has a double dorsal fin ® 25. (a) Has a small fin on back near tail ® 6 (b) Has no fin on back near tail ® 76. (a) Has barbs near the mouth ® Catfish (b) Does not have barbs near the mouth ® 107. (a) Tail is asymmetrical ® Sturgeon (b) Tail is symmetrical ® 8What would the result be when identifying a fish with a single dorsal fin, no fin on its back near the tail, and a tail that is asymmetrical?

A
sturgeon
B
go to step 8
C
go to step 2
D
catfish
13

Which of the following human activities most likely resulted in the growth of the North American deer population?

A
hunting bison
B
clearing land for farming
C
hunting wolves
D
city building
14

Which of the following is a possible reason for migration?

A
microevolution
B
diminished food supply
C
increased ecosystem stability
D
macroevolution
15

This chart shows a portion of a dichotomous key.Dichotomous KeyWhich relationship can be determined from this dichotomous key?

Question illustration
A
Organism X and organism Z have at least one observable trait in common.
B
Organism Y has at least one observable trait in common with organisms X or Z.
C
Organism X is in a different phylum than organism Y.
D
Organism Z is genetically closer to organism X than to organism Y.
16

Which of the following is not true about Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species?

A
He worked on the manuscript for three years.
B
It was successful.
C
It explained his theory of evolution.
D
It was based on his findings in South Africa.
17

Primary producers generally form the smallest trophic level of a pyramid of energy.

A
T
B
F
18

Macroevolution occurs within a population.

A
T
B
F
19

How can an increase in biodiversity lead to an increase in ecosystem stability?

A
A more biodiverse ecosystem is not subject to change.
B
A more biodiverse ecosystem has a higher chance of adapting to species changes.
C
A more biodiverse ecosystem has fewer species types to balance.
D
A more biodiverse ecosystem is subject to fewer natural disasters.
20

Which of the following is true about the efficiency of energy transfer in an ecosystem?

A
The more energy the organism requires, the more efficient the energy transfer.
B
All energy transfers have the same efficiencies.
C
The less energy the organism requires, the more efficient the energy transfer.
D
The most efficient energy transfers are in large, warm-blooded animals.

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