Which disease is caused by a loss of minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, from bones, which makes them brittle and easily broken?

Osteoporosis causes bones to lose mineral density, including calcium, making them porous, brittle, and more likely to fracture. Osteomalacia involves softening of the bones, while osteoarthritis affects joints and osteomyelitis is a bone infection. Therefore, the correct choice is osteoporosis.

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