Political Machines — Unit test Answers

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In the late 1800s and early 1900s, reformers helped immigrants assimilate into American culture by

A
isolating them from American citizens.
B
separating them from their family members.
C
teaching them how to speak English.
D
teaching them foreign languages.
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Read the quote from Applied Christianity: Moral Aspects of Social Questions by Washington Gladden.“In every community there are men of goodwill, who, if they had the money, could organize [efforts] among the [poorest] classes by which many of them could be saved...”Who are the “men of goodwill” that Gladden describes?

A
social Darwinists
B
wealthy people
C
immigrants
D
reformers
3

Between 1790 and 1900, cities in America

A
grew rapidly as people moved to urban centers looking for work.
B
shrank as rural areas became more popular.
C
shrank as people began moving to the suburbs.
D
grew slowly as they industrialized.
4

Why was the term political machine used to describe corrupt political systems in the late 1800s?

A
Political machines ran very smoothly, like clocks.
B
Political machines created cycles that turned, like gears.
C
Political machines were led by factory owners.
D
Political machines worked like assembly lines.
5

Which of these details related to the topic of the Industrial Revolution is objective?

A
“money-grasping mill owners”
B
“ragged, penniless workers”
C
“brilliant, innovative thinkers”
D
“six-day workweeks”
6

Which statement best explains why immigrants and factory owners worked together but often lived in different parts of a city?

A
Immigrants usually lived in the outskirts of cities, far from the places where they worked.
B
Legal restrictions forced immigrants and factory owners to live in separate parts of most cities.
C
Factory owners preferred to live in the outskirts of a city in neighborhoods that reminded them of rural areas.
D
Public transportation made it possible for factory owners to live in parts of a city that immigrants could not afford.
7

Which of the following best illustrates a direct consequence of the social gospel movement?

A
Hundreds of settlement houses opened across the United States.
B
Social Darwinists began encouraging people not to help less-fortunate people.
C
The Salvation Army offered different kinds of services to less-fortunate people.
D
Protestant Christians formed groups that opposed drinking alcohol.
8

Read the summary about factory work during the Industrial Revolution.With the development of new technologies and manufacturing processes, the nature of factory work changed. Now, machines could do the heavy labor formerly done by men. This meant that women and children could work in factories. In fact, factories sometimes hired entire families. They earned hourly wages. While this could bring in a steady income, that income was not high. Women earned less than men, and children’s wages were especially low.Based on this paragraph, a central trend of the Industrial Revolution was

A
increased social support for families.
B
increased physical labor by workers.
C
new and improved technologies.
D
improved conditions in factories.
9

Which of the following was the primary “spoil” in the spoils system?

A
money from the federal treasury
B
the downfall of political machines
C
contracts for construction work
D
positions in government office
10

What happened to most immigrants when they arrived at Ellis Island?

A
They were detained for days or even months.
B
They were released into the United States within hours.
C
They were imprisoned, quarantined, or both.
D
They were returned to the countries they had left.
11

The majority of people who immigrated to America in the late 1800s and early 1900s

A
adopted America’s established religions.
B
started businesses with their own resources.
C
bought land and became farmers.
D
worked at challenging jobs in the cities.
12

Which is a set of push and pull factors tied to immigration that are most directly related?

A
famine and jobs
B
war and peace
C
poverty and religious freedom
D
famine and peace
13

The Brooklyn Bridge is significant because it was the first suspension bridge built

A
in the United States.
B
in the world.
C
with steel cables.
D
with cast-iron cables.
14

Which of these statements best describes why it was difficult for many immigrants to find employment in the US in the late 1800s?

A
They had specific training that was not useful in the US job market.
B
They were discriminated against by potential employers.
C
They were not interested in the jobs that were available in factories and mills.
D
They generally lived in rural areas where there were very few jobs available.
15

Which word is most closely connected to the concept of segregation in cities?

A
economy
B
enclave
C
factory
D
subway
16

What was an effect of the growth of the service industry in the late 1800s?

A
The number of people who worked in factories decreased.
B
The number of people who worked in factories increased.
C
The urban middle class grew.
D
The urban middle class shrunk.
17

Supporters of the spoils system claimed it made government more efficient because like-minded individuals cooperated. Opponents claimed it made government less efficient because

A
officials did little work.
B
the followers of the loyal party did not cooperate.
C
no officials were worthy of office.
D
many experienced officials left office after each election.
18

During the late 1800s, the Chinese immigration rate

A
decreased as a result of US government legislation.
B
decreased as a result of improved living conditions in China.
C
increased as a result of the California Gold Rush.
D
increased as a result of job opportunities in the US.
19

Why didn’t the reforms made after President Garfield’s assassination completely reduce corruption nationwide?

A
The reforms applied only to state governments.
B
The reforms applied only to the federal government.
C
The reforms applied only to city governments.
D
The reforms applied only to city and state governments.
20

Who received benefits from settlement houses in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

A
young women from wealthy families
B
immigrants who had recently come to America
C
reformers like Jacob Riis and Lincoln Steffens
D
members of the middle-class people who needed a place to live

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