AnswersPMHS Biology I Q2Cell Differentiation and Specialization

Cell Differentiation and Specialization — Unit test Answers

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The illustration below shows the steps of meiosis I. What is the step that is labeled D?

Question illustration
A
metaphase I
B
metaphase II
C
telophase II
D
telophase I
2
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Which process is similar to binary fission?

A
genetic variation
B
crossing over
C
meiosis
D
mitosis
3

The role of the cell membrane is most like the job of which person?

A
a firefighter who evacuates people from a burning building
B
a police officer who allows select people to enter and leave a crime scene
C
a bus driver who drives the express route from the suburb to downtown
D
a teacher who keeps students in the classroom during an exam
4

Which correctly describes crossing over?

A
the process whereby non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material
B
the process whereby homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
C
the process whereby sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
D
the process whereby homologous chromosome pairs align randomly along the metaphase plate
5

In the study of cancer, researchers have used different types of cells, different environmental conditions, and different experimental designs. But, all researchers have arrived at the same conclusion. What does this say about the conclusion?

A
It is well supported.
B
It is weakly supported.
C
It is inconclusive.
D
It is refuted.
6

How would the contractile vacuole of a freshwater amoeba respond if the organism was placed in seawater?

A
with more contractions
B
with fewer contractions
C
the contractions would suddenly cease
D
with the same frequency of contractions
7

It is crucial that the process of mitosis is error free. This is because otherwise healthy cells can

A
grow into giant super cells.
B
undergo meiosis.
C
become cancer cells.
D
produce two identical cells.
8

How has the study of mitosis affected scientists’ knowledge of cancer?

A
It led to a study of how to induce cancer cells to divide more rapidly.
B
It led to an understanding of how cancer cells divide so rapidly.
C
It led to the development of contact-inhibition regulators.
D
It led to the discovery of how to prevent cancer cells from dividing.
9

A poison placed on the tips of darts by natives of the Amazon rainforest paralyzes prey such as small mammals. Which of the prey's cells are most likely affected by the poison?

A
muscle cells
B
epithelial cells
C
red blood cells
D
white blood cells
10

Which process produces clones?

A
asexual reproduction
B
sexual reproduction
C
chromosome duplication
D
gamete formation
11

The diagram shows a phase of mitosis.Which does the letter A represent in the diagram?

Question illustration
A
centriole
B
chromosome
C
centromere
D
spindle
12

Which specialized cell type would be found lining the trachea, the part of the body that brings air to the lungs?

A
blood
B
epithelial cells
C
neuron
D
muscle cells
13

The data in the table were recorded during an investigation in which a paramecium was placed in a hypertonic salt solution. If this data is shown in a bar graph, which description accurately represents the bars?

Question illustration
A
The graph has five bars of equal height.
B
The bars range from tallest for very high concentration to shortest for very low concentration.
C
The bar for very low concentration is twice the height of the bar for medium concentration.
D
The bar for very high concentration is five times the height of the bar for very low concentration.
14

Which statement is factual?

A
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
B
Sexual reproduction allows for diploid gametes to combine to increase genetic variation.
C
Asexual reproduction leads to the formation of haploid gametes.
D
Sexual reproduction does not require the production of gametes.
15

Which best describes the processes of mitosis and meiosis?

A
Cells in mitosis go through the PMAT stages twice to produce diploid cells while cells in meiosis go through PMAT stages once to produce haploid cells.
B
Cells in mitosis and meiosis go through the PMAT stages twice to produce haploid cells.
C
Cells in mitosis go through the PMAT stages once to produce diploid cells while cells in meiosis go through PMAT stages twice to produce haploid cells.
D
Cells in mitosis and meiosis go through the PMAT stages once to produce diploid cells.
16

Which best defines homeostasis?

A
modifying the external environment
B
maintaining a stable internal environment
C
controlling what enters and exits the cell
D
movement of materials into the cell
17

How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis?

A
rest prior to cell division
B
growth of cell and replication of DNA
C
dissolution of nucleus and cell membrane
D
division of cytoplasm
18

Which specialized cells are responsible for transmitting messages throughout the body?

A
neurons
B
epithelial cells
C
blood cells
D
muscle cells
19

What is the end result of meiosis?

A
four identical daughter cells
B
four different daughter cells
C
two identical daughter cells
D
two different daughter cells
20

Meiosis occurs in a series of different phases and creates genetically unique reproductive cells. Which process helps make meiotic cells genetically different and occurs during prophase I, but not during prophase II?

A
fertilization
B
independent assortment
C
crossing over
D
chromosome replication

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