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Before public lands could be sold under the Land Ordinance of 1785, the land had to be

A
free of American Indians.
B
surveyed and divided.
C
free of enslaved people.
D
cleared and measured.
2
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The Anti-Federalists did not want states to ratify the Constitution because it would

A
override the compromises made at the Constitutional Convention.
B
become the law of the land.
C
override all state laws.
D
weaken the federal government.
3

Which best states George Washington’s connection to the 1787 Constitutional Convention?

A
He was an honorary delegate because he had led the Continental army.
B
He delivered the new Constitution to Great Britain as an ambassador.
C
He led the Constitutional Convention because he was respected throughout the nation.
D
He led the Constitutional Convention because he was known for his wisdom and humor.
4

The Land Ordinance of 1785 affected slavery by

A
stopping it from spreading.
B
spreading it throughout the nation.
C
abolishing it throughout the nation.
D
allowing enslaved people to settle in the West.
5

The Constitutional Convention created a House of Representatives as a part of the

A
Great Compromise.
B
Three-Fifths Compromise.
C
Unicameral Compromise.
D
Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise.
6

Which freedoms does the First Amendment include?

A
freedom to bear arms and freedom of speech
B
freedom of assembly and freedom of religion
C
protection against illegal search and seizure
D
protection from illegal harassment
7

Both state governments and the federal government have the power to

A
negotiate treaties.
B
regulate interstate trade.
C
collect taxes.
D
issue state licenses.
8

According to Article II of the Constitution, one of the president’s duties is to

A
serve as commander in chief.
B
create laws and interpret them.
C
set up and manage the courts.
D
serve in the House and Senate.
9

As coauthors of the “Federalist Papers,” Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay all

A
argued for the protection of states’ rights.
B
served as presidents of the United States.
C
defended the Bill of Rights.
D
urged ratification of the Constitution.
10

Which statement is most likely an interpretation of the Second Amendment?

A
No one should be able to own or use a gun.
B
Only local governments can pass gun laws.
C
Bearing arms is only for the purpose of hunting.
D
There should be no limits on owning and using guns.
11

At which stage does an argumentative essay’s writer create and support a central claim?

A
outlining
B
prewriting
C
revising
D
drafting
12

Read the argument from an argumentative essay.The Civil War did not need to happen. Countless lives were lost and government legislation could have resolved the issue of slavery, therefore, keeping the Union together. Which statement best serves as a counterargument?

A
The Civil War was fought over the issue of whether a state could secede from the Union over the issue of slavery.
B
The Civil War was long and bloody, but it was necessary to keep the Union together.
C
The Civil War kept the Union together.
D
The Civil War was justified because states have the right to rule themselves.
13

What was the first national legislature established by the Articles of Confederation?

A
Parliament
B
the First Continental Congress
C
a one-branch Congress
D
the Second Continental Congress
14

Which of the following best describes a compelling argumentative essay?

A
a clear thesis, a detailed outline, and a strong conclusion
B
a clear thesis, sound arguments and counterarguments, and a strong conclusion
C
a clear thesis, a short outline, and a strong conclusion
D
a clear thesis, sound arguments, and a strong conclusion
15

Read the thesis statement from an argumentative essay about the importance of National Parks to the economy.National parks are very influential role in the economy of the United States because they encourage tourism and create job opportunities.Which of the following is a counterclaim that the essay’s writer might address?

A
When national parks have too many visitors, it can cause the destruction of natural and cultural places.
B
Visitors need a variety of services, which creates jobs for local residents that live nearby national parks.
C
When national parks were created, it was to protect natural and cultural places.
D
Visitors need to understand how to throw away their trash when visiting national parks.
16

Which does the Ninth Amendment limit?

A
an individual’s freedom of speech
B
government power
C
an individual’s right to trial
D
due process of law
17

Which right is guaranteed by the Seventh Amendment?

A
the right to a jury trial in civil matters that involve over $20
B
the right to refuse to incriminate oneself in court proceedings
C
the right to legal representation in all court cases
D
the right to due process of law in criminal cases
18

Why was the Confederation Congress unable to control inflation?

A
It could not collect taxes.
B
It could not regulate prices.
C
It could not raise an army.
D
It could not trade on the Mississippi.
19

Which principle was built into the Constitution?

A
unlimited presidential power
B
shared power between states and local governments
C
shared power between people and the states
D
limited government
20

Read the excerpt from Article V of the Constitution below.The Congress . . . shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or . . . shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States. Based on the excerpt, which of the following best describes the process of amending the Constitution?

A
The process of amending the Constitution is difficult, and it happens rarely.
B
The process of amending the Constitution is easy, and it happens often.
C
The process of amending the Constitution is difficult, but it happens often.
D
The process of amending the Constitution is easy, but it happens rarely.

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