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Cell Differentiation and Specialization — Unit test Answers

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What role do nerve cells play in the human body?

A
They allow the body to react to stimuli.
B
They regulate the exchange of chemicals.
C
They carry oxygen throughout the body.
D
They help the organs move.
2
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The role of the cell membrane is most like the job of which person?

A
a firefighter who evacuates people from a burning building
B
a police officer who allows select people to enter and leave a crime scene
C
a bus driver who drives the express route from the suburb to downtown
D
a teacher who keeps students in the classroom during an exam
3

Consider this animal cell.Which organelles are labeled G?

Question illustration
A
centrioles
B
lysosomes
C
ribosomes
D
mitochondria
4

Who first recognized the cell as the universal unit of life?

A
Virchow
B
van Leeuwenhoek
C
Hooke
D
Schleiden and Schwann
5

Which best defines homeostasis?

A
modifying the external environment
B
maintaining a stable internal environment
C
controlling what enters and exits the cell
D
movement of materials into the cell
6

Which are characteristics of epithelial cells? Select two options.

A
are unable to be used for secretion of materials
B
main cells of the nervous system
C
found lining many areas that contact the external environment
D
plays a role in protection
E
carry oxygen through the body
F
make up the skeletal muscle
7

A magnifying glass is an example of which type of microscope?

A
electron microscope
B
scanning microscope
C
compound light microscope
D
simple microscope
8

Which organelle makes the proteins that are needed by the cell?

A
cell membrane
B
Golgi apparatus
C
ribosomes
D
nucleus
9

Consider this animal cell.Which organelles are labeled D, and what is one feature that distinguishes them from the other labeled organelles?

Question illustration
A
chloroplasts; the only organelles that produce sugars from sunlight
B
ribosomes; only found in animal and bacterial cells
C
centrioles; found in animal cells but not plant cells
D
mitochondria; the only energy-generating structures found in cells
10

Suppose that a patient is diagnosed with a new disease caused by the buildup of waste material in the body’s cells. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning in the patient’s cells?

A
Golgi apparatus
B
lysosome
C
ribosome
D
endoplasmic reticulum
11

The illustration below shows the steps of meiosis I. What is the step that is labeled D?

Question illustration
A
metaphase I
B
metaphase II
C
telophase II
D
telophase I
12

How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis?

A
rest prior to cell division
B
growth of cell and replication of DNA
C
dissolution of nucleus and cell membrane
D
division of cytoplasm
13

The endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of chloroplasts. Which trait of chloroplasts supports this explanation?

A
Chloroplasts do not reproduce.
B
Chloroplasts rely on proteins that are made by the cell.
C
Chloroplasts are larger than prokaryotic cells.
D
Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
14

Which correctly describes crossing over?

A
the process whereby non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material
B
the process whereby homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
C
the process whereby sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
D
the process whereby homologous chromosome pairs align randomly along the metaphase plate
15

It is crucial that the process of mitosis is error free. This is because otherwise healthy cells can

A
grow into giant super cells.
B
undergo meiosis.
C
become cancer cells.
D
produce two identical cells.
16

A scientist discovers a cell that has chloroplasts, cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?

A
The cell is prokaryotic because it has DNA.
B
The cell is prokaryotic because it has cytoplasm.
C
The cell is eukaryotic because it has a cell membrane.
D
The cell is eukaryotic because it has chloroplasts.
17

Which is an example of how stem cells are currently being used?

A
for generating healthy cells to form replacement organs like brains
B
for directing differentiation to treat diabetes and arthritis
C
for testing for possible side effects of a new cancer medication
D
for curing heart disease by regenerating damaged heart tissue
18

Which organelle breaks down sugar molecules that supply energy to the cell?

A
Golgi apparatus
B
nucleus
C
endoplasmic reticulum
D
mitochondrion
19

The diagram shows a phase of mitosis.Which does the letter A represent in the diagram?

Question illustration
A
centriole
B
chromosome
C
centromere
D
spindle
20

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched.Functions of OrganellesOrganelleFunctionChloroplastStores water and waste materialsCell wallSupports cell membrane, maintains cell shape, and protects cellCell membraneBreaks down waste materials and debrisVacuoleProduces proteins for the cellWhich organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?

A
chloroplast
B
cell wall
C
cell membrane
D
vacuole

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