Answers26-27 Biology ALab: Building Proteins from RNA

Week 10 Test Answers

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1
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Which of these is the primary site of protein synthesis?

A
mitochondria
B
cytoplasm
C
nucleus
D
ribosomes
2
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Which process is part of translation but not transcription?

A
A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.
B
A tRNA template is used to create a DNA strand.
C
A tRNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.
D
An mRNA template is used to create an amino acid chain.
3

Which is a frameshift mutation?

A
substitution
B
nonsense
C
silent
D
deletion
4

Lactase is a protein in the digestive tract that helps break down certain sugars found in milk. What is the main function of lactase?

A
to provide structure
B
to fight disease
C
to maintain homeostasis
D
to regulate cell reactions
5

Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?

A
RNA instructs DNA to make proteins.
B
DNA unzips, resulting in the formation of two protein molecules.
C
RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
D
DNA makes proteins in the nucleus.
6

Maria is concerned because she has been exposed to a small amount of radiation during an X-ray. What is her doctor most likely to tell her?

A
Radiations from X-rays is not a mutagen.
B
Mutagens have no effect on the body unless you have inherited them.
C
Small amounts of a mutagen often do not have an effect on health.
D
Severe mutations are usually caused by small amounts of a mutagen.
7

Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that is caused by different mutations within the CFTR gene. One mutation in the CFTR gene that leads to cystic fibrosis causes translation to end earlier in the gene sequence. Which type of mutation causes this translation error that leads to cystic fibrosis?

A
silent
B
missense
C
nonsense
D
deletion
8

A forensic scientist is trying to find out the number of adenine bases in the DNA sample that he obtained from a crime scene.What can he assume about the number of adenine?

A
The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of guanine bases.
B
The number of adenine bases will be equal to the total of all the other bases.
C
The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of thymine bases.
D
The number of adenine bases will be half of the number of cytosine bases.
9

Which represents a strand of RNA bases?

A
CAAGGTCTC
B
AGGTTCACA
C
CAAGGUCUC
D
TGGAACTCA
10

A protein called GEF-H1 is known to control immune responses to certain viruses such as influenza A. GEF-H1 is best classified as which kind of protein?

A
a structural protein
B
an antibody
C
an enzyme
D
a messenger protein
11

What can a person do to limit exposure to X-rays?

A
wear sunblock
B
avoid cigarette smoke
C
wear a protective lead vest
D
avoid chemicals
12

If a stop codon is like a red traffic light, which is most like a green traffic light during transcription?

A
DNA
B
promoter
C
mRNA
D
nucleotide
13

Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. Tay-Sachs disease is a deadly disorder that is caused by a missing codon in the gene coding for production of the hex A enzyme in the body. Which type of mutation is responsible for causing Tay-Sachs disease?

A
substitution
B
replacement
C
insertion
D
deletion
14

What is the function of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis?

A
It brings the tRNA to the ribosome.
B
It bonds the DNA strand.
C
It unzips the DNA strand.
D
It translates the DNA strand.
15

Which best describes genetic mutations?

A
Some inherited genetic mutations can be good for the offspring.
B
Different genetic mutations cause few forms of cancer.
C
Somatic mutations can be inherited from parents or acquired during life.
D
Genetic mutations that cause diseases are always passed on to offspring.
17

Which process is part of transcription?

A
DNA is copied to create a second DNA strand.
B
mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons assemble amino acids.
C
DNA is unzipped with the aid of DNA polymerase.
D
mRNA is synthesized from a strand of DNA.
18

Which statements describe functions of antibodies? Select two options.

A
They maintain the cell’s shape.
B
They regulate cell processes.
C
They protect the body from infectious agents.
D
They signal the immune system to destroy pathogens.
E
They speed up biochemical reactions.
F
They send electrical signals.
19

What did Chargaff discover while studying bases in the DNA of organisms?

A
The bases in the DNA of each organism were unique.
B
The ratios of thymine and adenine were similar, as were the ratios of guanine and cytosine.
C
The overall percentages of bases were different from one organism to the next.
D
There were equal amounts of all four bases in every organism, or 25 percent of each base.
20

Which type of mutation occurs only in reproductive cells?

A
somatic mutation
B
germline mutation
C
point mutation
D
frameshift mutation
21

Which of the following could be a nucleotide of RNA?

A
deoxyribose + phosphate group + thymine
B
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
C
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
D
ribose + phosphate group + uracil

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Lab: Building Proteins from RNA