Which of these is an example of muckraking disguised as a work of fiction?

The Octopus by Frank Norris is a fictional novel that exposed abuses by the railroad industry and its power over farmers. That makes it an example of muckraking presented as fiction. Ida Tarbell’s and Ida B. Wells’s works are investigative nonfiction, while Helen Hunt Jackson’s A Century of Dishonor is nonfiction and Ramona is a novel.

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