In the early 1900s, after the Bolsheviks began to rule Russia,

After the Bolsheviks took power in 1917, opponents of their rule fought against them in the Russian Civil War, which lasted from 1918 to 1921—about three years. The tsar and his family were executed in Russia, not sent to Germany, and the White Army opposed the Bolsheviks. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed by the Bolsheviks in 1918 to take Russia out of World War I.

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