Read these sentences from a concluding paragraph.By around 1700 BCE, most of the cities along the Indus River had been abandoned.The Indian monsoon rains had weakened, causing less extensive floods, and as a result, less food was grown.The reduced water supply caused the Indus River valley’s population to move eastward toward the Ganges River valley.

These sentences bring together the key points: the cities were abandoned, weaker monsoon rains reduced flooding and food production, and people moved east toward the Ganges Valley. That makes them a summary of the essay’s main ideas, rather than a restatement of its thesis or a new development of the topic. The correct choice is “It summarizes the main ideas of the essay.”

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