Read the following scenario and answer the question that follows. When Gina was 5 years old, she was attacked by a vicious dog. Years later, every time she hears a dog bark, her heart races. This could be an example of __________.

Gina’s racing heart is a learned response linked to hearing a dog bark, which reminds her of the frightening attack. In conditioning, a stimulus becomes associated with an experience and later triggers a response. So this is conditioning, not observational learning, which involves learning by watching others.

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