Answers Language Arts 8 - ELA3008 ICStructuring an Effective Argument

Comparing Argument Techniques in Two Speeches Answers

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When developing a written argument, what best explains why an author would use a graph as a source?

A graph gives numeric evidence visually.

A graph is easy to read and understand.

A graph is colorful and will engage the reader.

A graph can be used to refute an argument.

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What resource would provide the best evidence to support a written argument about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s achievements?

online blogs about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

a television program about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

an interview with someone who met Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. one time

library books discussing the life of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Mario is writing an argument supporting a proposed bike-helmet law. Mario includes a personal example explaining that he once had a bike accident and avoided serious injury because he was wearing a helmet. If Mario revises his argument, he should

remove the personal example because it weakens his argument.

learn more about how bike helmets help protect cyclists from impact injuries.

talk to other cyclists who have stories or experiences to back up his own.

balance his personal example with well-researched, factual examples.

What is the correct sequence for developing a written argument?

claim, evidence, reason, counterclaim and rebuttal, conclusion

claim, counterclaim and rebuttal, reason, evidence, conclusion

claim, reason, evidence, counterclaim and rebuttal, conclusion

claim, conclusion, reason, evidence, counterclaim and rebuttal

Read the paragraph.The schoolwide food drive is an important program that helps the community and instills a sense of responsibility in students. Last year, students collected over 600 canned goods and gave them to the Neighborhood House food pantry, which serves some of the neediest families in our community. Furthermore, many students said that helping with the drive was the first volunteer program they had ever participated in. Finally, without the student council’s support, the food drive will not be officially promoted within school and will likely languish. Therefore, it is imperative that the student council continue to encourage students to volunteer for this important program.

A poll of one hundred students found that after participating in the food drive, seventy-three participants found the experience so rewarding that they sought out new volunteer opportunities.

My friend Alvin participated in the food drive and said not only was it the best part of the school year, but he looks forward to helping out with the food drive next year.

We can definitely beat our previous goal of six hundred cans by both encouraging additional students to join the program and offering prizes for students who collect the most cans.

The student council needs to take a leadership role and promote the food drive so that all students, regardless of their previous volunteer experience, become active participants.

Read the paragraph again.The schoolwide food drive is an important program that helps the community and instills a sense of responsibility in students. Last year, students collected over 600 canned goods and gave them to the Neighborhood House food pantry, which serves some of the neediest families in our community. Furthermore, many students said that helping with the drive was the first volunteer program they had ever participated in. Finally, without the student council’s support, the food drive will not be officially promoted within school and will likely languish. Therefore, it is imperative that the student council continue to encourage students to volunteer for this important program.

evidence

reason

counterclaim

argument

What is the best example of a situation that would benefit from a written argument?

Proposing that your neighborhood increases the land set aside for parks.

Explaining why your neighbors should not play loud music at night.

Convincing your parents to let you go to a concert of your favorite band.

Supporting your best friend who is collecting money for a walkathon.

What is the first step in developing a written argument?

Support your claim with logical evidence.

Use transition words to make your argument clear.

Write a well-developed argument.

Organize the ideas in your argument.

What is an example of weak evidence?

citing something that your friends say

citing statistics from an encyclopedia

citing the opinion of an expert

citing historical reasons for an event

What transition would you most likely use when supporting a claim with evidence?

For instance

However

This means

In other words

Why is the claim considered the umbrella of the argument?

All the specific reasons of the argument are protected under it.

All of the other parts of the argument must fit under it.

All the supporting evidence of the argument must work within it.

All the specific points within the argument must be sheltered by it.

Read the paragraph.The city is proposing a long-overdue bike-helmet law that would make wearing a helmet mandatory for all cyclists. This law will help protect cyclists of all ages from potential injury. Many studies have shown that wearing a bike helmet can prevent serious injury and death. ________, a study in 2009 showed that 91 % of people who died in bike injuries were not wearing helmets. ________, a similar study in New York found that 74 % of bike crashes involved a head injury, and almost all cyclists who died, 97%, were not wearing a helmet. _______, some people claim that wearing a bike helmet is uncomfortable. Yet new helmets are lightweight and designed with air vents so you will not overheat while wearing one. In conclusion, a bike-helmet law would help make biking safer and, by extension, more enjoyable.

For example, In addition, However

On the other hand, For example, This means

For instance, In another example, For the most part

This means, One example, In conclusion

I have volunteered for food drives and found the experience rewarding.

Food drives will often collect hundreds of cans for needy people.

The Neighborhood House is an important part of our community.

The student council should continue to support the schoolwide food drive.

Read the paragraph.Climate change resulting from greenhouse gases is a serious issue that demands immediate action. Throughout the world, we can already see the significant effects of climate change on people and natural habitats.

Scientists have studied climate change for years, and they largely agree that the climate is changing. Scientists can drill core samples in Antarctic ice and study the carbon dioxide in these samples to see how greenhouse gases have risen in our atmosphere. They can also measure how quickly the ocean is rising year after year.

Unfortunately, many polls show that climate change is not a major concern among large portions of the population. Therefore, it is imperative that we work together to raise people’s consciousness of this important issue. If we work together, we can make climate change an issue that everyone cares about.

I’ve noticed that summers are warmer and longer. Trees in my neighborhood bloom two to three weeks earlier than they used to when I was growing up. Sometimes, we barely get any snow in winter, which means we can longer go skiing or sledding.

Many meteorologists suggest that the increased severity of hurricanes, tornadoes and drought is a direct result of climate change. Sea levels are increasing as polar ice caps melt. Towns in the arctic that were built on permafrost are sinking as the permafrost melts.

When developing a counterclaim, you should

not make your counterclaim’s evidence closely factual because you should not undermine your central argument.

interview people who disagree with your argument’s claim in order to understand their opinions.

thoroughly research the evidence to make sure you understand the facts behind the counterclaim.

supply personal evidence and experience as to why you disagree with the counterclaim.

What best explains why a written argument without transitions might not work?

The relationship between the examples and the conclusion would be unclear and hard to understand.

The relationship between ideas would lack the appropriate emphasis and logical flow.

The relationship between the claim, reasons, and evidence would be too vague and wouldn’t make sense.

The relationship between different parts of the argument would be unclear and hard to follow.

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