Read the excerpt from James Madison’s notes on the Constitutional Convention from July 14, 1787.Mr. SHERMAN urged the equality of votes [in the Senate] not so much as a security for the small States; as for the State Govts. which could not be preserved unless they were represented & had a negative in the Genl. Government. He had no objection to the members in the [House] voting per capita, as had been suggested by [Mr. Gerry].

Sherman’s proposal called for equal votes for every state in the Senate, while allowing representation in the House to reflect population. This balance between equal state representation and population-based representation was part of the Great Compromise, also called the Connecticut Compromise. The Three-Fifths Compromise concerned how enslaved people would be counted for representation and taxation, so it does not fit this excerpt.

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