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Earth's Water System — Test Answers

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Assume that a new tributary enters just above the lower river, adding 20 the fraction with numerator m cubed and denominator s What is the best estimate of the lower river discharge?

A
170 the fraction with numerator m cubed and denominator s
B
190 the fraction with numerator m cubed and denominator s
C
220 the fraction with numerator m cubed and denominator s
D
150 the fraction with numerator m cubed and denominator s
5

Which best explains why pumping wells increase saltwater intrusion into the aquifer?

A
Pumping removes groundwater evenly, keeping saltwater and freshwater in balance.
B
Pumping lowers the water table, reducing freshwater pressure that normally resists saltwater movement.
C
Pumping reduces freshwater recharge, decreasing the amount of water available to hold back saltwater.
D
Pumping raises the water table, increasing freshwater pressure that pushes saltwater farther out to sea.
6

The table shows the relative permeability of different materials, where 1 means very low permeability and 10 means very high permeability. Material Particle Size & Texture Relative Permeability coarse basalt large, fractured rock pieces 7 medium sand medium-sized, loose grains 8 fine clay very small, sticky particles 1 thick alluvium mixed gravel, sand, and silt 9 shale thin, flat rock layers 2 Arrange the sites based on the speed with which water would most likely infiltrate the ground in a flat area (from slowest to fastest). Place the slowest at the top of the list.

Answer not available
7

Classify each process based on whether energy is absorbed or released. Drag each to the correct box.

Answer:

snow melting into liquid water,liquid water entering the atmosphere as vapor|water droplets freezing into hail,vapor in the atmosphere condensing into clouds

9

Assume that Region M receives 850 millimeters of precipitation during Year 4. What are the best predictions for late-summer streamflow and drought stress?

A
streamflow = 31 the fraction with numerator m cubed and denominator s drought stress = 3
B
streamflow = 33 the fraction with numerator m cubed and denominator s drought stress = 1
C
streamflow = 32 the fraction with numerator m cubed and denominator s drought stress = 4
D
streamflow = 27 the fraction with numerator m cubed and denominator s drought stress = 2
11

Why does the urban center, despite receiving high rainfall, have a much deeper groundwater table than other locations?

A
Pavement lowers evaporation, which decreases groundwater levels.
B
Pavement prevents infiltration, reducing groundwater recharge.
C
Pavement redirects rainfall into wells, causing water tables to drop.
D
Pavement absorbs rainfall, keeping it from reaching aquifers.
12

Arrange the events in the correct order to explain how flooding can destabilize a lake ecosystem. Place the first event at the top of the list.

Answer not available
13

How does thawing permafrost affect the stability of water systems?

A
It increases snowpack growth in alpine areas.
B
It alters drainage patterns and may cause erosion.
C
It reduces groundwater availability due to freezing.
D
It increases the thickness of the cryosphere.
14

Which condition best explains why nitrate is higher at the bottom in summer?

A
Density differences prevent nutrient-rich bottom water from mixing upward.
B
Cooler, saltier water traps nutrients near the surface.
C
Sunlight increases nitrate production in deep water.
D
Freshwater input increases nutrient concentration in surface waters.
15

If groundwater pumping continues at the same rate for the next five years, what is the most likely outcome for the Riverbend Lowlands?

A
Wetlands will continue shrinking as groundwater depth increases further.
B
Wetlands will expand again as groundwater depth becomes deeper.
C
Wetlands will remain unchanged because rainfall can maintain them without groundwater.
D
Wetlands will recover because groundwater levels stabilize after ten years.
17

Classify each cryosphere feature as continental or alpine. Drag each to the correct box.

Answer:

ice sheet,ice cap,continental glacier|cirque glacier,valley glacier,piedmont glacier

18

Which explanation best describes the relationship between salinity, temperature, and nutrient concentrations across latitudes?

A
Higher salinity and temperature at low latitudes support nutrient enrichment in surface waters.
B
Nutrient concentrations are unrelated to changes in salinity or temperature and remain stable across all latitudes.
C
Warmer waters at higher latitudes increase nutrient supply by promoting faster circulation.
D
Declining temperature and salinity at higher latitudes are associated with increasing nutrient availability from mixing and upwelling.
19

What trend in the data suggests that nutrient increases in rivers are linked to declining lake health?

A
Bird species in wetlands are decreasing over time.
B
Algal bloom days in lakes increase as river nitrate rises.
C
Nitrate levels increase during odd years and decline during even years.
D
Sediment removal by wetlands decreases steadily.
20

What factor is responsible for the movement of water in both systems?

A
direct heating at the surface
B
wind pushing surface water offshore
C
salinity changes
D
density differences in the water

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