A carbon-12 atom has a mass defect of 0.09564 amu. Which setup is used to calculate nuclear binding energy?

Nuclear binding energy is calculated with Einstein’s equation, E = mc². The mass defect must first be converted from amu to kilograms using 1 amu = 1.6606 × 10⁻²⁷ kg, then multiplied by the speed of light squared, (3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)². Therefore, the correct setup is choice A.

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