AnswersPA Human Anatomy Physiology A 2026-2027 SMITH ICProteins and Nucleic Acids

Proteins and Nucleic Acids Answers

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1
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Which statement is true about BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes?

A
These genes were discovered in 1953.
B
Cancerous tumors often form on these genes.
C
People can be tested for mutations on these genes.
D
Mutations of these genes lead to diabetes.
2
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Which pair of statements best describes an essential amino acid?

A
It is an amino acid that contains peptide bonds. An example is proline.
B
It is an amino acid that contains nitrogen. An example is aspartic acid.
C
It is an amino acid that cannot be made by the body. It must be obtained from eating certain foods.
D
It is an amino acid that can be produced by the body. Vitamin supplements maintain healthy levels.
3

What effect has breast cancer research had on society?

A
People who have gene mutations have more treatment options.
B
People now face an increased risk of breast cancer.
C
The complete history of breast cancer is now known.
D
Breast cancer research has no impact outside of a lab.
4

Who first identified nucleic acids, and where were they discovered?

A
Friedrich Meischer discovered nucleic acids in blood cells.
B
Phoebus Levine discovered nucleic acids in plant cells.
C
James Watson and Francis Crick discovered nucleic acids in DNA.
D
Gerardus Johannes Mulder discovered nucleic acids in bacterial cells.
5

Which component makes each amino acid unique?

A
amino group
B
carboxyl group
C
R group
D
phosphate group
6

Which three components are common to all amino acids?

A
an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R group
B
an amino group, a phosphate group, and an R group
C
a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
D
a five-carbon sugar, an amino group, and a nitrogenous base
7

DNA and RNA share a number of similarities, but they also differ in certain aspects of their structure. Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but is not found in DNA?

A
uracil
B
adenine
C
thymine
D
cytosine
8

How many amino acids must be obtained in the diet because they cannot be made by the body?

A
2
B
5
C
9
D
20
9

Which statement best distinguishes plants and animals as they relate to amino acids?

A
Plants can synthesize all twenty amino acids. Humans must eat plants or animals to obtain some of these amino acids.
B
Plants can synthesize all twenty amino acids. Humans must eat plants to obtain all of these amino acids.
C
Plants can only synthesize ten amino acids. Humans synthesize the other ten amino acids.
D
Plants and humans both synthesize all twenty amino acids. Humans must supplement a few of these by eating animals.
10

Which element is found in nucleic acids but not in amino acids?

A
carbon
B
hydrogen
C
nitrogen
D
phosphorus
11

Which three components are common to all amino acids?

A
an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R group
B
an amino group, a phosphate group, and an R group
C
a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
D
a five-carbon sugar, an amino group, and a nitrogenous base
12

DNA and RNA share a number of similarities, but they also differ in certain aspects of their structure. Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but is not found in DNA?

A
uracil
B
adenine
C
thymine
D
cytosine
13

Lactase is an enzyme that is produced in the lining of the intestines. This enzyme helps the body speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates that are found in dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese. Which general function does lactase perform?

A
fighting disease
B
creating movement
C
regulating cell processes
D
sending chemical messages
14

Which is a function of nucleic acids?

A
create movement
B
provide structure
C
store genetic information
D
fight disease
15

How many amino acids must be obtained in the diet because they cannot be made by the body?

A
2
B
5
C
9
D
20
16

Which protein serves as a chemical messenger?

A
hemoglobin
B
actin
C
myosin
D
insulin
17

Which pair of statements best describes an essential amino acid?

A
It is an amino acid that contains peptide bonds. An example is proline.
B
It is an amino acid that contains nitrogen. An example is aspartic acid.
C
It is an amino acid that cannot be made by the body. It must be obtained from eating certain foods.
D
It is an amino acid that can be produced by the body. Vitamin supplements maintain healthy levels.
18

How many amino acids are found in living organisms?

A
2
B
5
C
10
D
20
19

Which statement is true about BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes?

A
These genes were discovered in 1953.
B
Cancerous tumors often form on these genes.
C
People can be tested for mutations on these genes.
D
Mutations of these genes lead to diabetes.
20

Which is a difference between proteins and carbohydrates and fats?

A
Proteins are macromolecules; carbohydrates and fats are not.
B
Proteins are composed of monomers; carbohydrates and fats are not.
C
Carbohydrates and fats contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; proteins do not.
D
Excess carbohydrates and fats are stored; excess proteins are not.

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