Define behaviorism and explain who founded this school of thought.
Behaviorism is the school of psychology that focuses on observable behavior and how it is learned through interactions with the environment, rather than emphasizing unobservable mental processes. John B. Watson founded this school of thought.
Summarize the difference between structuralism and functionalism.
Structuralism focused on breaking conscious experience into its basic elements, often through introspection. Functionalism focused on the purposes of thoughts and behaviors and how they help people adapt to their environment.
Which of the following statements is not true about what John Locke believed?
Which two philosophers believed that innate knowledge is discovered through logic?
__________ relies on introspection to reduce conscious experiences into basic elements.
Summarize in a complete paragraph how psychology has its roots in philosophy, and provide examples of two philosopher’s contributions.
Psychology has its roots in philosophy because philosophers were among the first to ask systematic questions about the mind, knowledge, and behavior. Plato believed that people possess innate knowledge that can be discovered through reason, while John Locke argued that knowledge comes from experience and that the mind begins as a blank slate. Their different views helped inspire later psychological theories about how people think and learn.
The philosopher who believed that the mind operated on the three levels of reason, will, and desire was __________.
Ivan Pavlov introduced the concept of __________ when he taught a dog to salivate at the sound of a tuning fork.
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