Why might one choose to use a mnemonic device in order to remember information?
A mnemonic device can help organize information and create memorable cues or associations, making the information easier to recall.
To what did Sir Frederic Bartlett attribute the inaccurate memory constructions in his study using “War of the Ghosts”?
Bartlett attributed inaccurate memories to reconstructive processes: people used their existing schemas and cultural expectations to make the unfamiliar story fit what they already knew.
Define source-monitoring error.
A source-monitoring error is misidentifying the origin of a memory, such as confusing something you imagined with something you actually saw or heard.
While Mary was at the store, she pictured her dog eating food out of a watermelon, which reminded her that she needed dog food and watermelon. This is an example of __________.
Kevin read a book on outer space, and then applied the information to his recent trip to the aerospace museum. Of what type of deep processing is this an example?
Meredith got every word on her vocabulary test correct, which she attributed to using the words in a story. This is an example of __________.
Right before Shaw left the house, he stopped to try and decide whether or not he remembered to grab his cell phone like he had intended. This is called __________.
What were the findings in the study by Gordon Bower and Michael Clark (1969)?
Bower and Clark found that people who created a connected story using unrelated words recalled more of the words than people who tried to memorize them without that narrative organization. The stories served as cues that helped organize and retrieve the words.
For deep processing to occur, it is better to study in __________ session(s) than in __________ session(s).
What is serial-position effect, and what is one way to protect against it when studying a list of information?
The serial-position effect is the tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than the items in the middle. One way to protect against it is to study the information in shorter chunks and give extra practice to the middle items.
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